主谓一致专项复习

主谓一致专项复习

一、语法一致的原则

语法一致是指主语为单数形式，谓语也用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。

1、动词不定式或动词–ing形式作主语

动词不定式或动词–ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

To see is to believe.

眼见为实。

Asking costs nothing.

多问不吃亏。

2、从句作主语

名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。

That they will win is certain.

他们一定会赢是确信无疑的。

When they could finish the task is not known yet.

他们何时能完成任务还未知。

Whoever wants to join in the competition is asked to sign his / her name here.

要参加比赛的人请在这里签名。

3、“more than one 或many a + 单数名词”作主语

“more than one / many a +单数名词”作主语时，尽管其意义复数，但谓语动词还是用单数形式。但“more than + 复数名词”或“more + 复数名词+ than one”作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。

More than one student has read Rowling’s Harry Porter.

许多学生看过罗琳的《哈利·波特》。

Many a student has seen the film Titanic twice.

许多学生看了电影《铁达尼号》两次。

More than two hundred people have turned out at the meeting.

两百多人退出了会场。

More students than one are against the decision.

不止一个学生反对这个决定。

4、用and连接的主语

由and连接的两个或两个以上的单数名词或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。但如表示单一的概念时，谓语动词则用单数形式（见本章第二节“意义一致的原则”）。

Rice and wheat are grown in China.

中国种植小米和小麦。

Both his father and his mother are advanced workers.

他的爸爸和妈妈都是先进工作者。

5、用with, as well as等词连接的主语

“名词+ together with/as well as + 名词”结构作主语时，不能看作是并列主语，together with 或as well as之后的名词是主语的附加成分，句子的谓语动词不受附加成分中名词单复数的影响，仍和第一个名词的数保持一致。

Our monitor as well as some of our classmates has been to the USA.

我们的班长和几位同学已去过美国了。

The bat together with the balls was stolen.

球拍和球都被偷走了。

6、关系代词作主语

定语从句中关系代词who, that, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数与先行词的数一致。

AIDS is a disease that breaks down the body immune system and leaves a person defenseless against infections and illnesses.

艾滋病是一种破坏人体免疫系统，使人处于失去抗感染、抗疾病状态的病症。

Those who have finished the work can go home first.

那些已完成工作的人可以先回家。

I, who am your teacher, will do my best to help you.

我是你的老师，我会全力帮助你的。

7、由两部分构成的物体名词作主语

由两部分组成的表示衣物或工具的名词做主语时，谓语通常用复数，此类名词有：glasses （眼镜），spectacles(眼镜)，shoes（鞋子），boots（靴子），sneakers（轻便运动鞋）；trousers / pants（裤子），compasses（指南针），chopsticks（筷子），scissors（剪刀），socks（短袜）,stockings （长袜），clothes（衣服）等。但这类词如用a pair of修饰时，谓语动词用单数。

My glasses were broken while playing football yesterday.

昨天踢足球时我的眼镜被打烂了。

A pair of shoes is lying under the bed.

床底下有一双鞋。

Chopsticks were first introduced to Japan in the 3rd century A.D. and thus ended the practice of taking food directly by hand.

公元三世纪，筷子传到了日本，并从此结束了人们直接用手拿食物的做法。

8、this kind / sort of +名词作主语

表示一个种类的“kind of + 名词”后面常用单数谓语动词，而“复数名词+ of this kind”后面的谓语动词常用复数。

This kind / sort of questions is very difficult. 这种问题很难。

Questions of this kind / sort are very difficult. 这种问题很难。

9、amount和quantity结构作主语

“a large amount of + 不可数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“large amounts of +不可数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。类似的结构还有“a large quantity of +可数/不可数名词”结构（谓语用单数）以及“large quantities of +可数/不可数名词”结构（谓语用复数）。