国际贸易研究

World price
Exports
0 Domestic quantity demanded
Domestic demand
Quantity of Steel
Domestic quantity supplied
出口国的国际Hale Waihona Puke Baidu易
钢铁价格
国内供给
贸易后的价格
贸易前的价格
世界 价格
出口
0 国内需求量 国内供給量
如果一个国家在某种物品生产方面有比较优 势，那么国内价格将比世界价格低，这个国 家就会是该物品的出口国。
World Price and Comparative Advantage 世界价格与比较优势
If the country does not have a comparative advantage, then the domestic price will be higher than the world price, and the country will be an importer of the good.
如果这个国家决定参与国际贸易， 它将是钢铁进口国还是出口国？
World Price and Comparative Advantage
The effects of free trade can be shown by comparing the domestic price of a good without trade and the world price of the good. The world price refers to the prevailing price in the world markets.
国内价格调整使国内卖者的供給
量与国内买者的需求量平衡。 消费者剩余和生产者剩余的总和 来衡量买者和卖者从钢铁市场上 得到的总利益。
World Price and Comparative Advantage
世界价格与比较优势
If the country decides to engage in international trade, will it be an importer or exporter of steel?
如果一个国家在某种物品生产方面没有比 较优势，那么国内价格将比世界价格高， 这个国家就会是该物品的进口国。
International Trade in an Exporting Country
Price of Steel
Domestic supply
Price after trade
Price before trade
price adjusts to balance demand and supply. The sum of consumer and producer surplus measures the total benefits that buyers and sellers receive.
没有贸易时的均衡 结果:
Who gains and who loses from free trade among countries?
在国际自由贸易中谁 获利谁亏损？
International Trade 国际贸易
What are the arguments that people use to advocate trade restrictions?
Domestic demand
0 Equilibrium quantity Quantity of Steel
没有国际贸易时的均衡
钢铁的 价格
国内供给
消费者剩余 均衡价格 生产者剩余
国内需求
0 均衡数量 钢铁数量
Equilibrium Without Trade
Results:
Domestic
World Price and Comparative Advantage 世界价格与比较优势
If a country has a comparative advantage, then the domestic price will be below the world price, and the country will be an exporter of the good.
人们用来支持贸易限制 的各种观点是什么？
Equilibrium Without Trade
Assume:
A country
is isolated from rest of the world and produces steel. The market for steel consists of the buyers and sellers in the country. No one in the country is allowed to import or export steel.
Application: International Trade
应用：国际贸易
International Trade 国际贸易
What determines whether a country imports or exports a good? 什么决定一个国家是否 进口或出口一种物品?
International Trade 国际贸易
A country
will either be an exporter or an importer of the good.
世界价格与比较优势
自由贸易的效果可以从没有贸易时国内 物品价格与世界市场价格相比较中得到 说明。 世界价格——一种物品在世界市场上所 流行的价格。
一个国家既可能是某种物品的出口国，也 有可能是进口国。
没有贸易时的均衡
假设:
一个生产钢铁的国家孤立于其他国家 钢铁市场由这个国家的买者和卖者组成 这个国家的如何人都不允许进口或出口
钢铁
Equilibrium Without International Trade
Price of Steel
Domestic supply
Consumer surplus Equilibrium Price Producer surplus