语法复习七——倒装句

语法复习七：倒装句

英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装形式。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装，只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。强调性倒装和以so, neither, nor开头的句子是高考例题的热点。

（一）倒装句的意义

1、适应一定的语法结构的需要，主要是指疑问句句型结构的需要。

e.g. May I come in?

Was the People’s Liberation Army founded in 1927?

2、为了强调某一部分，而把这部分放到句首，构成倒装。

e.g. Never have I been late for school this term.

So early did he come to school that no other students came.

（二）倒装的使用情况

1、在“there be” 结构里，there是引导词，主语在be后。

e.g. There is a box on the table.

2、在疑问句中。

e.g. Is she singing in the classroom?

What does your mother do?

3、在here, there等副词开头的某些句子里（要用一般现在时态）。如果主语是人称代词，主语和主要动词的词序不变。（完全倒装）

e.g. There goes the bell.

Here is an apple for you.

There she comes.

4、重复倒装句型，用在以so, nor, neither开头，表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示“也一样”、“也这样”；nor, neither用于否定句，表示“同样也不，也不这样”。

e.g. I am watching TV. So is she.

My parents didn’t watch TV last night. Neither (Nor) did I.

5、直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，主句中的主谓也常直接倒装。（完全倒装）

e.g. “Very well,” said the French student.

“Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea, please.” said he.

6、在以never, little, hardly, not only, few, not, seldom等否定副词开头的句子中，采用部分倒装。如不放在句首就不要倒装。

e.g. Little did he say at the meeting.

Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army.

比较：I shall never forget the day when I joined the Army.

7、用于以only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子中。(注意当修饰主语时不倒装)

e.g. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to wrk.

Only in this way can we learn English well.

注意：如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。

e.g. Only Wang Lili knows this.

8、为了表达生动，有时把表地点、方位的副词，如up, down, out, aw ay, in等放在句首，同时把谓语动词放在主语之前。若主语为人称代词，主语和谓语动词的位置不变，只将副词放在句首。（完全倒装）

e.g. Away hurried the boy.

Out rushed the girl.

9、在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were, had 和should这三个词是，可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前。

e.g. Had I time (= If I had time), I would go and help you.

Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad.

Should he come (=If he should come), tell him to ring me up.

10、as引导让步状语从句时要倒装（形容词/ 副词/ 名词/ 动词+ as +主语+ 谓语）。

e.g. Proud as they are, they are afraid to see me.

Child as he is, he seems to know everything.（child前不加冠词）Hard as he worded, he made little progress.

11、用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。

e.g. May you succeed!

Long live the People’s Republic of China!

12、So + 形容词、副词及such 置于句首时要倒装。

So happy did he feel. Such was me.

英语倒装句

【知识简介】

一般陈述句结构为“主语+谓语”，如果将句子某一部分移到句子前面而引起主语和谓语的顺序颠倒就成了倒装。疑问句一般均为倒装，但我们这里将不予讨论。

倒装有两种情况：部分倒装（助动词放在主语之前）和全部倒装（整个谓语部分放在主语的前面）。

【要点难点】

1) 部分倒装

①含有否定意义的副词（有时是词组）置于句首以表示强调时，句子用部分倒装形式。这类词有：

not, never, never before, nowhere, no longer, in no time, not a + 名词, not a single + 名词, not often, at no time(决不，注意和in no time[立刻，不用倒装]不同), by no means(决不), in/under no circumstances(决不), in no way(决不), on no account(决不), in no case(决不), seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely(仅仅、很少、几乎不), still less(更不用说)

Never before have I shown it to anyone. 我从来没有拿给任何人看过。

Never before in my life have I enjoyed such beautiful scenery. 我一生中从未欣赏过如此之美景。

Little did I realize what was upsetting him. 我完全没意识到什么让他不高兴。

Nowhere could I see him. 哪儿都见不到他。

By no means is it true that all English people know their own language well. 并非所有的英国人都通晓本国语。

He doesn’t even like her; still less is it his intention to marry her. 他甚至不喜欢她，更不用说打算娶她。

Not a single word did he say for a whole hour. 他整整一小时一句话也没说。

Under no circumstances must you relax your efforts for a moment. 在任何情况下，你一刻也不能放松自己的努力。

Neither do I know her address, nor does he. 我不知道她的地址，他也不知道。

Not could the patient eat, nor could he drink. 那个病人既不能吃，也不能喝。