第八章语法与翻译

第八章语法与翻译

第一节汉英语法范畴的差异

语法与经验表达

语法范畴与词汇范畴

语言之间语法范畴的多样性

第二节语法差异对翻译决策过程的影响

数

请为译文选择正确的表达。

对失败一方来说，讲和条件通常是苛刻的。

The (terms; term) of the peace were usually hard for the defeated side.

多年的教学经验，帮助我改变了主意。

Years of teaching (experiences; experience) has helped me to change my mind.

我想今后不会有太多的金融机构破产，也许就没有了。

I don’t expect to see too many (bankruptcy cases; bankruptcies) of financial firms in the future, and maybe there will be none.

在他的干预下，进行了不少盲目的重复建设。

Under his intervention there have been a lot of indiscriminate and duplicated (constructions; construction projects)

时与体

这一吸引人的黑白相间的动物为人们所广泛地喜爱。作为世界自然基金会（WWF）的标记，熊猫已经成为中国和国际性自然保护努力的象征。

This attractive black and white mammal has widespread human appeal and has become a symbol for conservation efforts both within China and internationally as the symbol of The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF).

像这一山杜鹃花等种类为19世纪的植物学家所采集，然后运回欧洲作为园艺收藏品。Species like this mountain rhododendron were collected by 19th century botanists and then transported back to Europe for horticultural collections.

请考虑以下两种表达方式的不同意义：（提示：出现在英语科学和工程技术等学术性论文的摘要里面）

[1]It is proposed that…

[2]It has been proposed that…

思考题：

你记得她的名字吗？我忘了。

Do you remember her name? No, I (forget; forgot). I see. I know. I understand.

到2000年，这个比例将达到92%。By 2000, the percentage _______________92%.

你没有迟到，还有三分钟。You are not late.______________________

我们一出发，天就下起雨来了。It ____________ as soon as we started out.

如果她更用功些，她就会学得更好。

She (is going to; will)do better in her studies if she works harder.

电影已经开始十分钟了。The film _____________ on for ten minutes.

已经上课十分钟了。The class _____________ for ten minutes.

那本英语书他已丢了三天了。_____________________________

图书馆已经开门半小时了。The library _______________for half an hour.

爱迪生去世已经六十五年了。Edison _____________________ for 65 years.

中国人民不用多久就会变得富裕起来。

It won’t be long before the Chinese people ___________ well off.

我们某些产品应该说已经达到先进水平。

Some of our products ought to be said ______________advanced levels.

等我们的老师从国外回来，我们就要做完我们的工作了。

We _____________________our work by the time our teacher returns from abroad.

20年来，中国的科学家们为祖国做出了贡献。

In the past twenty years, the Chinese scientists ______________ great service to their motherland.

语态

这儿讲的是英语。

中美已经建立了外交关系。

来宾请出示入场券。

请全系教师和干部于星期三下午二时在会议室集合，听报告。

人们认为普遍认为有人相信众所周知据说

据悉

据推测据报导必须指出

由此可见

不用说

无可否认

已经证明

可以肯定

可以有把握地说

人们有时会问

人们希望

第三节与语法有关的其他翻译问题

一及物与不及物

咱们吃饭去吧。

A.Let’s go and eat.

B.Let’s go and eat our meal.

他们在读书。

A.They are reading.

B.They are reading books.

我们要在音乐会上演唱。

A.We’re going to sing at the concert.

B.We’re going to sing songs at the concert.

你付钱了吗？

A.Have you paid money?

B.Have you paid yet?

因此在这个问题上我重复了这么多遍以后，我今天实在不想再讲了。

But after (repeating; repeating my answer; repetitions) so many times on the question, I’m really very reluctant to talk about it any more today.

在亚洲的金融风暴当中，对香港的影响在今年已经陆续显现了，尤其是在今年的上半年。

The effect on Hong Kong of the financial crisis in Southeast Asia has begun (to be shown;