派生词

派生词

在新课标全国卷的语法填空题中，有涉及单词的形式变化的题目。此外，新考纲要求考生掌握3 500多个英语单词。因此，掌握常用派生词的构词方法不仅能帮助同学们做好语法填空题，还能帮助同学们扩大词汇量，为同学们在高考中稳操胜券奠定基础。

一、名词后缀

1．动词＋-ion/-tion /-sion→名词(表示动作或动作过程)

correct v．改正；纠正correction n．改正

celebrate v．庆祝celebration n．庆祝；庆祝会

conclude v．完成；结束conclusion n．结论；结束

2．动词＋-er/-or→名词(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人)

drive v．驾驶开车；驱赶driver n．司机；驾驶员

gather v．聚集；采集gatherer n．收集者；采集者

conduct v．指挥；管理conductor n．指挥；售票员

3．动词＋-ment→名词

punish v．惩罚punishment n．惩罚

4．动词/形容词＋-th→名词

warm adj.温暖的warmth n．温暖

grow v．生长growth n．生长

5．形容词＋-y→名词

difficult adj.困难的difficulty n．困难

honest adj.诚实的honesty n．诚实

6．形容词＋-ness→名词

kind adj.善良的kindness n．善良

7．动词＋-ance→名词

annoy v t.使烦恼annoyance n．生气；烦恼

8．-ship结尾的名词(表示身份；关系；资格)

member n．成员；会员membership n．会员资格

professor n．教授professorship n．教授身份

9．-ing结尾的名词

garden n．花园gardening n．园艺

greet v．打招呼；问候greetings n．问候

[针对训练]

语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)

A

From the 1.________________ (express) on Mary’s face, he knew he left a bad 2. ________________ (impress) on her and if she won the 3. ________________ (elect) to become chairman of the Environment 4. ________________ (organize), he could not get her 5. ________________ (permit) to join it although he was willing to do his bit to rid the world of 6. ________________ (pollute) and to help people enjoy a better earth.When he was wondering how to change this embarrassing situation, he got 7. ________________ (inspire) from his wife’s words.Yes, he should try his best to win the election and become chairman himself with his 8. ________________ (determine) to work for the organization.“My dear, you are really a wonderful 9. ____________ (help)! I’m sure I will be the 10. ___________ (win) of the election.”He said to his wife excitedly.

B

It was really a hard time when Li Ping first came to the United States.His 1. ________________ (earn) could hardly cover the expenses, so when his wife gave 2. ________________ (bear) to their second daughter, they could not afford enough nutrition food.Soon, poor nutrition caused the 3. ________________ (die) of the poor baby.4. ________________ (lonely) was another problem because they had no 5. ________________ (relate) or friends there.Thanks to his 6. ________________ (brave) and 7. ________________ (persevere), he managed to gain the 8. ________________ (citizen) of the United States and in the end he had his permanent 9. ________________ (settle). He always tells his children like this: Perseverance leads to 10. ________________ (happy) and success.

二、形容词后缀

1．常见形容词后缀

(1)名词＋-al→形容词(表示“有……属性”，“与……有关”)

agriculture n．农业agricultural adj.农业的

(2)动词＋-ive→形容词

decide v．决定；下决心decisive adj.决定性的；关键的

(3)动词＋-able→形容词(表示“能够”，“适于”，“值得”)

change v．变化；兑换

changeable adj.易变的；变化无常的

(4)名词＋-ful→形容词

care n．小心；关心careful adj.小心的；仔细的

(5)名词＋-less→形容词(意思与原名词相反)

care n. 小心；关心careless adj.粗心的

(6)名词＋-ly→形容词