with复合结构及翻译练习

With复合结构

with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。形式非常灵活，表达的意思也多种多

样，在单选、完形中经常出现，且写作文时是很好的加分表达方式。

with结构的构成

它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、

副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。

With结构构成方式如下：

with或without-名词/代词+形容词

例句：He is used to sleeping with the windows open.

with或without-名词/代词+副词

例句：She left the room with all the lights on.

with或without-名词/代词+介词短语

例句：He walked into the dark street with a stick in his hand.

with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式

例句：With so much work to do, I have no time for a holiday.

with或without-名词/代词 +分词

例句：We found the house easily with the little boy leading the way.(现在分词表示主动动作，即分词所表示的动作是由with后的宾语发出来的) With all the things she needed bought, she went home happily.(过去分词表示被动，with后面的宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系)

without+名词/代词+补语

例句：Possibly this person died without anyone knowing where the coins were hidden.

He wondered if he could slide out of the lecture hall without anyone noticing (him).

with the winter is coming

with+不定式和+分词的区别

加不定式是指将要进行的动作,加分词是指主动或被动动作.

with复合结构的句法功能

with 复合结构，在句中表状态或说明背景情况该结构常做伴随、方式、原因、

条件等状语。例句：With machinery to do all the work, they will soon have got

in the crops. 由于所有的工作都是由机器进行，他们将很快收完庄稼。（原因状语）The boy always sleeps with his head on the arm. 这个孩子总是头枕着胳膊

睡觉。（伴随状语）

The soldier had him stand with his back to his father. 士兵要他背对着他父亲站着。（方式状语）

With spring coming on, trees turn green. 春天到了，树变绿了。（时间状语）

with 复合结构可以作定语

Anyone with its eyes in his head can see it’s exactly like a rope. 任何一个头上长着眼睛的人都能看出它完全像一条绳子。

like+名词/代词+补语

例句：The old pinetree still stood there like a umbrella covering the

entrance of the cave.

The noise sounded like a train going under my house.

Bamboo has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching

to touch something.

练习：试译下列句子

1.他睁大着眼睛睡着了。(adj.)

2.火正燃着，他就走开了。

3.天气晴朗，吹来阵阵清风。

4.有他负责这项工作，我们确信事情一定会成功。

5.你不能开着机器离开这里。

6.有很多作业要做，我不能出去踢足球。（to do）

7.一个血流满面的小男孩跑进屋里来了。

8.他半闭着眼在听音乐。

9.我的两个朋友回家了，我独自生活了一段时间。

10.有这么多人支持他们，他们一定会成功。(介短)

11.他没戴帽子出去了。(adv.)

12.有他带路，我们不久就到达那儿。(介短)

13.他穿着一件衬衣在那里干活。(adv.)

14.一个妇女在街上走，怀里抱着一个小孩。(介短)

15.我喜欢背靠墙坐着。(介短)

16.他即使在冬天也开着窗户睡觉。(介短)

17.有我在那儿，她不会害怕。(adv.)

18.她低着头跟在妈妈后面。(介短)

19.他没说一句话，就离开了房子。

20.他凝视着我，站在那里。

21.房间干干净净，一切都摆放得井井有条。(介短)

[答案]

1.He is asleep with eyes wide open.

2.He went way with the fire burning.

3.The day is bright with a fresh breeze blowing.

4.With him taking charge of the work, we are all sure of its success.

5.You can’t leave here with the machine running.

6. A little boy with his face bleeding ran into the room.

7.With so much work to do, I can’t go out to play football.

8.He is listening to the music with his eyes half closed.

9.With both my friends having gone home, I live alone for some time.

10.They are sure to win the victory with so many people behind him.

11.He went out with no hat on.

12.With him as our guide, we soon arrived there.

13.He was working there with only a shirt on.

14.A woman is walking in the street with a baby in her arms.

15.I like to sit with my back against the wall.

16.He sleeps with the windows open even in winter.

17.With me there, she is not afraid.

18.She followed her mother with her head down.

19.Without a word more spoken, he left the room.

20.He stood there, with his eyes fixed on me.

21.This room is clean and tidy with everything in good order.