浙江2020高考英语阅读理解：词义猜测题讲解及选练

浙江2020高考英语阅读理解--词义猜测题讲解及选练（含答案）

高考英语阅读理解常考点分析

阅读理解试题常采用以下四种题型：

1. 考查考生快速捕捉信息、处理信息的能力(细节理解题)；

2. 考查考生对某个词或词语的理解能力(词义猜测题) ；

3. 考查考生对文章主旨大意或段落大意的概括能力(主旨大意题)；

4. 考查考生对文章的隐含意义、延伸意义的推理判断能力(推理判断题)。

【词义猜测题】

Ⅰ. 利用同义词或近义词来猜测词义。

有时，为了避免重复，作者会运用不同的词来表述同一意思。此时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，此时可以从该熟悉的词语或结构中推知生词的含义。这种情况下，通常在生词和与其同义或近义的词或短语之间有表并列关系的词and或or等。

Ⅱ. 利用反义词或句子中的转折关系猜测词义。

反义词同样能够帮助我们理解生词的含义，像although，but，while，however，otherwise，on the other hand等词或词组通常是反义词线索的标志。

Ⅲ. 根据定义和解释猜测词义。

有些文章中尽管出现了生词，但作者可能会以某种方式对该生词进行解释，如利用means，or，that is to say，that is，in other words，namely等释义性词或短语来进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语、同位语从句、定语从句等来解释。

Ⅳ. 利用举例说明猜测词义。

有时，有些生词没有给出直接的解释，而是在其后举了一些相关的例子进行说明。我们可以对这些例子进行归纳，即使不能完全猜测出生词的确切含义，也能猜测出其大致意思。常见的表示举例说明的词和短语有：like，for example，for instance，such as，such ... as等。

Ⅴ. 利用上下文语境猜测词义。

猜测任何一个生词或短语的含义都离不开上下文的语境，此时就要求我们通过上下文来对该生词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。

Ⅵ. 利用词义搭配猜测词义。

句子中的某个单词总是和其它的词或短语相关联，我们可以通过这些前后关联的词或短语来猜测该生词的含义。

Ⅶ. 利用因果关系猜测词义。

有时，我们可以结合上下文利用因果关系来进行推断，可以是根据原因推测结果，也可以是根据结果推测原因。通常用于表示因果关系的词和短语有：because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，therefore，so/such ... that等。

Ⅸ. 利用类属关系猜测词义。

有时，文中出现的生词可能与其他几个我们熟悉的词语同属于一个类别，此时可以利用这种类属关系推测出生词的意思。

Ⅹ. 利用生活经验和社会常识猜测词义。

有不少生词可以根据生活经验或社会常识进行推理、分析从而猜测出词义。比如了解一些西方国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰及社会制度等，可以帮助我们加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就增强了。

Ⅺ. 利用构词法猜测词义。

构词法以派生和合成为主，如：前缀、后缀和词根，或是复合词。了解构词法并记住一些派生词词缀，可以帮助我们扩充词汇量，也可猜测出不少生词的词义。

【真题回放】

And no, not because the kids like to pull their ears. The culprit is climate change, and some researchers found that rising temperatures are having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit in the US.（浙江卷，2019年阅读理解A）

42. The word “culprit” (Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to.

A. criminal

B. judge

C. victim

D. producer

42. A。rising temperatures are having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit in the US 中rising temperatures与climate change有关，再根据having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit可知，上升的温度对五种兔子有不良影响，由此可知，气候变化是引起问题的事物，与criminal (罪犯) 意思相近。

【冲向高考】

阅读理解

Shay asked, “Do you think they’ll let me play?” Shay’s father knew that most of the boys would not want someone like Shay on their team, but the father also understood that if his son, mentally and physically disabled, were allowed to play, it would give him a much-needed sense of belonging and some confidence.

Shay’s father approached one of the boys o n the field and asked if Shay could play, not expecting much. The boy looked around and said, “We’re losing by six runs (分) and the game is in the eighth inning (局).I guess he can be on our team and we’ll try to put him in to bat in the final inning.

Shay struggled over to the team’s bench and put on a team shirt with a broad smile and his father had a small tear in his eye and warmth in heart. The boys saw the father’s joy at his son being accepted.

In the bottom of the eighth inning, Shay’s team scored a few runs but was still behind by three. In the top of the final inning, Shay put on a glove and played in the field. Even though no hits came his way, he was obviously joyful just to be in the game and on the field. In the bottom of the final inning, Shay’s team scored again. Now, Shay was scheduled to be next at bat. Would they let Shay bat and give away their chance to win the game?

Surprisingly, Shay was given the bat. Everyone knew that a hit was almost impossible. The first pitch (投) came and Shay missed. The pitcher again took a few steps forward to throw the ball softly towards Shay. As the pitch came in, Shay swung at the ball and hit a slow ground ball right back to the pitcher.

The pitcher could have easily thrown he ball to the first baseman and Shay would have been out and that would have been the end of the game .Instead, the pitcher threw the ball right over the head of the first baseman, beyond the reach of all teammates, The audience and the players from both teams started screaming, “Shay, run to first!” Never in his life had Shay ever run that far but made it to first base, wide-eyed and shocked.

Everyone should, “Run to second!” Catching his breath, Shay awkwardly ran towards second. By the time Shay rounded towards second base, the smallest guy on their team, who had a chance to be the hero for his team for the first time, could have thrown the ball to the second baseman, but he understood the pitcher’s intentions and he too intentionally threw the ball high and far over the third baseman’s head.