新初中英语语法知识—被动语态的全集汇编(1)

新初中英语语法知识—被动语态的全集汇编(1)
新初中英语语法知识—被动语态的全集汇编(1)

一、选择题

1.Two ____ students ____ to the opening ceremony last Friday.

A.hundreds; were invited B.hundred; were invited C.hundreds of ; invited D.hundred of; invited

2.Too much water________ every day in the world. We should save it.

A.wasted B.are wasted C.is wasted D.was wasted 3.Last year, the first made-in-China ballpoint pen tips(圆珠笔笔头)were _________ by Taiyuan Iron(铁)&Steel.

A.divided B.required C.produced

4.Think carefully before deciding who ________.

A.invites B.is invited C.will be invited D.will invite

5.Han Han’s books are popular. They ___________ by many teenagers now .

A.is read B.was read C.are read D.were read 6.—Zheng Yuan, why did you go on a vacation to Weifang?

— You know I'm a fan of kites. The international kite festival _____there in April every year. A.is held B.was held C.will be held 7.—The classroom is very tidy.

—Yes . it every day.

A.cleaned B.cleans C.is cleaned

8.―When shall we go and play basketball?

―Not until the work tomorrow.

A.will finish B.has finished C.is finished D.will be finished 9.-Hey, Molly, You______ on the phone just now. But you weren’t here and the man left a phone number.

-Oh? I was in the library.

A.wanted B.are wanted C.were wanted D.have wanted 10.May to the party. She enjoyed herself with us.

A.invites B.is invited C.was invited D.has invited 11.When the new subway__________, it will take me less time to go to school every day. A.will finish B.is finished C.finished D.will be finished 12.We hope that more trees________in our city next year.

A.plant B.were planted

C.planted D.will be planted

13.--- Mom, where is my model plane?

--- Oh, it ______ to Jenny yesterday.

A.is lent B.lends C.was lent D.lent 14.—I’m afraid I can’t finish the job in such a short time.

—Don’t worry. Can yo u do it if you_______ two more hours.?

A.give B.are given C.will give D.will be given 15.Which of the following is right?

A.He is used to live there.

B.My main job is spreading the message about protecting the environment.

C.I have borrowed the book from the library for two weeks.

D.Kids under 18 are not allowed to drive.

16.—If high-speed railways________in 2019, what will happen to people in Lianyungang?—Lots of people will choose the faster transport.

A.are completed B.were completed

C.will be completed D.have been completed

17.— What tools ________ to make paper cutting?

— Scissors and paper.

A.are used B.used C.will use

18.The Seventh CISM Military World Games(军运会)________successfully in Wuhan last month. A.is held B.was held C.will be held

19.—Do you have any problems if you ______ this job?

—Well, I’m thinking about the working day.

A.offer B.will offer C.are offered D.will be offered 20.Both Lily and Lucy ______________to the party yesterday, but they didn't come at all. A.agreed B.sent C.were called D.were invented 21.(2017 ? 安徽)Mr. Green _________ to sing an English song at the party and he sang well. A.was invited B.invited C.is invited D.invites

22.The strawberries_________on the farm last year.

A.plant B.planted C.are planted D.were planted 23.—W ill you go to Tom’s party?

—No, I __________.

A.wasn’t invited B.didn’t invite C.am not invited D.haven’t invited 24.A year has four seasons and it ______ twelve months.

A.divides in to B.divided into

C.is divided into D.is dividing into

25.The mobile phone________in 1973.

A.invents B.is invented

C.invented D.was invented

26.During the May Day holiday, the Trents went to a beautiful place in China. It _______ “Laoshan”.

A.was called B.called C.is called D.calls 27.According to the French government, the main body and two bell towers of Notre Dame Cathedral (巴黎圣母院) in time.

A.is saved B.are saved C.was saved D.were saved

28.—When can we go to watch the football match?

—Not until the work________tomorrow.

A.will be done B.has done C.is done D.does

【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除

一、选择题

1.B

解析:B

【解析】

试题分析:句意:上周五邀请了两百学生参加开业庆典。表示实指时,hundred, thousand,million用单数,后面不跟介词of;表示虚指时,hundred, thousand,million用复数,前不加数词,后跟介词of。本句表示实指:两百。主语students是谓语动作invite 的承受者,句子用被动语态。故选B。

【考点定位】考查数词辨析及动词的语态。

2.C

解析:C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:世界上每天都浪费太多的水,我们应该节约它。

考查动词。wasted浪费,waste的过去式;are wasted被浪费,说明主语是复数的情况;is wasted被浪费,说明主语是单数的情况;was wasted被浪费,用于过去式,说明主语是单数的情况。根据“every day”说明是一般现在时;根据“We should save it”可知,前句是说:太多的水被浪费。Too much water和动词waste构成被动关系。water是不可数名词,谓语动词用is。根据一般现在时的被动语态结构“主语+be+及物动词的过去分词”,故选C。3.C

解析:C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:去年,第一批国产圆珠笔笔尖由太钢生产出来。

考查动词词义辨析。divided分;required要求;produced生产。根据句意,可知此处表示“生产”,故选C。

4.C

解析:C

【解析】句意:决定邀请谁之前,认真想想。结合句意,现在考虑谁将被邀请,故用一般将来时的被动语态,故为will be invited,故选C。

5.C

解析:C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:韩寒的书很受欢迎。它们现在被很多青少年读。

考查被动语态的时态。根据主语they是动词read的承受者,可知构成被动语态be done;根据主语they为复数,可知be动词用are/were;根据时间状语now,可知用一般现在时,故选C。

6.A

解析:A

【解析】

【详解】

句意:——郑媛,你为什么去潍坊度假?——你知道我是一个风筝迷。每年的四月份国际风筝节在那举行。

考查动词时态。A. is held一般现在时的被动语态;B. was held一般过去时的被动语态;C. will be held一般将来时的被动语态。根据句子的时间状语in April every year可知,句子应为一般现在时的被动语态,故选A。

7.C

解析:C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:——这间教室非常干净。——是的。它每天都被打扫。

考查被动语态。已知主语it(教室)是clean(打扫)的承受者,且时间状语是every day,则题干应用一般现在时的被动语态,即is+动词的过去分词。故选C。

8.C

解析:C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:——我们什么时候去打篮球?——直到明天工作完成。

考查动词语态辨析。finish完成,will finish是其一般将来时结构,has finished是现在完成时,is finished是其一般现在时的被动语态;will be finished是一般将来时的被动语态。本句实际是until 引导的时间状语从句(主句省略),时态遵循主将从现原则;同时work和动词finish是被动关系,需用“be done”被动语态。work是不可数名词,系词需用is;根据句意结构,可知选C。

9.C

解析:C

【解析】

考查动词的时态和语态的用法。you是want的动作承受者,它做主语,应使用被动语态。根据just now和过去式weren’t,left,was确定使用一般过去时。

10.C

解析:C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:May被邀请参加聚会。她和我们在一起玩得很开心。

考查一般过去时的被动语态。invites第三人称单数;is invited一般现在时的被动语态;was invited一般过去时的被动语态;has invited现在完成时。根据She enjoyed herself with us.可知,这是过去发生的事情,所以运用一般过去时态;又因为主语May是动词invite的承受者,应该用被动语态;一般过去时态的被动语态的构成是:was/were+动词的过去分词,主语是单数,所以用助动词用was,invite的过去分词是invited,故答案选C。

11.B

解析:B

【解析】

【详解】

句意:当地铁完工的时候,每天上学会花费我更少的时间。

考查时态语态。这是when引导的时间状语从句,所以在时态上要用主将从现,所以从句用一般现在时。根据句意可知,地铁是被修,所以是一般现在时的被动语态,故选B。12.D

解析:D

【解析】

【详解】

句意:我们希望明年我们的城市能种更多的树。

考查动词的时态和语态。主语more trees和动词plant是被动关系。根据时间状语“next year”可知我们希望明年我们的城市能种更多的树,讲述的将来的动作,是要用一般将来时的被动语态,其构成为will be done。故选D。

【点睛】

句子的谓语动词不仅要考虑时态,也要考虑语态。根据时间状语可以判断出时间是现在、过去或是将来;根据主语与谓语动词的关系可以判断出是主动还是被动。此句“next year”是一般将来时的标志,树与种植是被动关系,综合起来是一般将来时的被动语态,所以答案为will be done。

13.C

解析:C

【解析】

试题分析:句意:--妈妈,我的飞机模型在哪里?--哦,昨天借给了詹妮。因为句子的主语是it,代指的是my model plane,my model plane与lend之间是被动关系。句子的时间状语是yesterday,所以应该用一般过去时的被动语态,故选C。

考点:考查被动语态的用法。

14.B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——我担心我不能在这么短的时间里完成工作。——不要担心,如果再多两个小时,你做得到吗?

考查if引导的条件状语从句。give给,原形;are given被给,被动语态;will give将会给,将来时;will be given将会被给。在if引导的状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时;主语you是动作的承受者,所以用被动语态。故选B。

15.D

解析:D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:下列哪个选项是正确的?

A项He is used to live there.句中be used to 表示习惯做某事,后接doing,原句中live是动词原形,应填living,故A错误,正确为He is used to living there;B项中My main job is spreading the massage about protecting the environment.本句为主系表结构,表语应该为动词不定式形式,不应该用动名词形式,正确为My main job is to spread the message about protecting the environment.故B项错误。C项I have borrowed the book from the library for two weeks. 句中有时间状语for two weeks,故用现在完成时态,谓语动词为borrowed,是非延续性动词,不能与一段时间连用,应该用kept,故正确为I have kept the book from the library for two weeks. 故C项错误。D项Kids under 18 are not allowed to drive.为被动语态,此项正确。故选D。

16.A

解析:A

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——如果2019年高铁建成,连云港人会怎么样?——很多人会选择更快的交通工具。

考查一般现在时的被动语态。are completed被建成,一般现在时的被动语态;were completed被建成,一般过去时的被动语态;will be completed将被建成,一般将来时的被动语态;have been completed已经被建成,现在完成时被动语态,根据if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则和所给空后面的句子what will happen to people in Lianyungang?可知,应该用的是一般现在时的被动语态,故选A。

17.A

解析:A

【解析】

【详解】

句意:——什么工具被用于做剪纸?——剪刀和纸。

考查被动语态。工具tools和使用use之间是被动关系,表示被动语态,结构:be动词+动词过去分词。主语工具tools是复数,所以be动词要用are。故选A。

18.B

解析:B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:上个月第七届军运会在武汉成功举行。

考查被动语态的时态。主语The Seventh CISM Military World Games(军运会)和hold之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态;由last month可知是一般过去时态;is held一般现在时态的被动语态的结构;was held一般过去时态的被动语态的结构;will be held一般将来时态的被动语态的结构。故选B。

【点睛】

被动语态的各个时态。1)一般现在时态的被动语态的结构是am /is are+done,例如:I am asked to study hard by my mother. 2)一般过去时态的被动语态的结构是were/was+done,例如:A new shop was built last year. 3) 现在完成时态的被动语态的结构是have/has

been+done 例如:This book has been translated into Chinese. 4) 一般将来时态的被动语态的结构是will be+ done, 例如:Many trees will be planted next year. 5)现在进行时态的被动语态的结构是am/is/are+being+done,例如:My bike is being repaired by Tom now.

19.C

解析:C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:——如果你被提供这这份工作,你有什么问题吗?——我在考虑工作日。

考查被动语态。根据句意可知,if引导的条件状语从句中,you为主语,offer为谓语动词,可知主语是动作的承受者,故用被动语态,be动词用are,主句为一般现在时,从句用一般现在时表将来。故选C。

20.C

解析:C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:Lily和Lucy昨天都被叫去参加派对,但是她们根本就没来。

考查被动语态。A. agreed同意;sent发送;were called被叫;were invented被发明。根据句意Lily和Lucy被叫去参加派对了,被动语态,结构:be动词+动词过去分词,因为时间是昨天,所以be动词要用were。故选C。

21.A

解析:A

【解析】

试题分析:句意:格林先生在派对上被邀请唱了一首英语歌,并且他唱得非常好。A. was invited被邀请,被动结构;B. invited 邀请,过去式; C. is invited 被动结构,一般现在时;

D. invites第三人称单数形式。根据he sang well.可知用过去时态,再根据主语和谓语动词之间是动宾关系,所以用被动语态的过去时态,故选A。

考点:考查被动语态的用法。

22.D

解析:D

【解析】

【详解】

句意:草莓是去年在农场种的。

考查一般过去时态被动语态。plant种植,原形;planted种植,过去式;. are planted被种植,一般现在时态被动语态;were planted被种植,一般过去式的被动语态。主语是the strawberries可知,用被动语态,排除AB;根据时间状语last year可知用一般过去式时态的被动语态,其结构是were done的形式。根据题意,故选D。

23.A

解析:A

【解析】

【详解】

句意:——你会去汤姆的派对吗?——不,他没邀请我。

考查被动语态。wasn’t invited没有被邀请;didn’t invite没有邀请;am not invited没被邀请;haven’t invited没邀请;根据句意理解及句子结构分析可知,句子的主语是I,与动词invite之间是被动关系,所以应该用被动语态,而再由句意理解可知,动作invite应该是发生在过去,所以应该用过去时的被动语态,故选A。

24.C

解析:C

【解析】

【详解】

句意:一年有四个季节,它被分成十二个月。

考查动词短语和被动语态。divide(使)分开,divide into把……分成;本句时态为一般现在时,主语为it,指代前句中的a year,与谓语动词divide的关系为被动关系,故用被动语态,一般现在时的被动语态结构为主语+am/is/are+过去分词+其他,故选C。

25.D

解析:D

【解析】

句意:移动电话在1973年发明的。考查被动语态。根据主语和语境及句意可知用被动语

态,被动语态的构成:主语(动作的承受着)+be 动词的过去分词+sth.+by+动作的执行者;根据时间(1973年)可知用过去式,故be动词用was;所以选D。

26.C

解析:C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:在五一假期里,特伦特一家人去了中国一个叫崂山的地方。

本题考查被动语态。根据句意,it和call为被动关系,且该句讲述一个事实,用一般现在时的被动语态,故选C。

27.D

解析:D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:根据法国政府的说法,巴黎圣母院的主体和两个钟塔及时被拯救了。is saved一般现在时的被动语态,主语为单数;are saved一般现在时的被动语态,主语为复数;was saved 一般过去时被动语态,主语为单数;were saved一般过去时被动语态,主语为复数。故选D。

28.C

解析:C

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意:——我们什么时候可以去看足球赛?——直到明天工作完成。

考查被动语态和时态。will be done将被做,一般将来时的被动语态;has done已经做,现在完成时;is done被做,一般现在时的被动语态;does做,一般现在时;根据句意理解可知,主语the work与动词do是逻辑上的被动关系,故此处用被动语态,所以排除B/ D选项;而until引导的是时间状语从句,这里要用到主将从现的用法,即从句用一般现在时表示将来,所以应该用一般现在时的被动语态,故选C。

初中英语语法大全知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词 或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间 接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如: He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如:

初中英语语法:被动语态

初中英语语法:被动语态 概念:英语有两种语态,主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者或发出者,被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。 构成:被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成; 助动词be有人称、数及时态的变化; 含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成 被动语态的否定式是在助动词后加否定词not;而疑问式是将助动词移到主语前面即可Stamps can be used for sending letters. 邮票能用来寄信。 He was asked to go to the meeting immediately. 他被要求立刻去参加这个会议。 This kind of bike is not made in Tianjin. 这种自行车不是天津制造的。 Is this kind of bike make in Tianjin? 这种自行车是在天津制造的吗? 用法1.当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁或没有必要知道时,常用被动语态。 These desks are made of wood. 这些桌子是由木头做成的。 2.当需要强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态。 Dictionaries can’t be used in the English exam. 词典不能在英语测试中使用。 3.为了使语气婉转、避免提到自己或对方、或由于修饰的需要而使用被动语态。 The homework must be handed in next Monday. 作业必须下周一交上。

被动语态的转换步骤:当主动语态变为被动语态时,通常要经过四步: 1.先确定主动句的主、谓、宾,找出其谓语动词。 2.把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变成被动句的主语,若宾语是人称代词时,应把宾格 变为主格 3.把主动句中的谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,但时态不能改变。 4.把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执 行者时可略去“by+宾语”),若主语是人称代词时,应把主格变成宾格。 We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。 The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。 主动语态变被动语态应注意:1.时态要一致。 I wrote a letter to my pen pal yesterday. (一般过去时) A letter was written to my pen pal yesterday (by me). They will discuss the plan at the meeting. 2.含双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的主动结构变为被动结构时,可将其中一个宾语变 为主语,另一个不变;如果将主动结构的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,这时一般要加个介词to或for。My parents gave me a watch. I was given a watch by my parents. A watch was given to me by my parents. His father bought him a computer last week. 3.在主动语态中,使役动词如make,let,have或感官动词如hear,watch,see后跟 不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但在被动语态里必须带to。 My parents often made me babysit my little sister .

被动语态知识点讲解(更全面,思路清晰)

被动语态 一、主动语态与被动语态的概念: 语态 ---- 说明主语和谓语之间的关系 英语动词的语态有两种:⑴主动语态:表示主语是动作的执行者 ⑵被动语态:表示主语是动作的承受者(常常没在有必要指出动作的执行 者情况下使用) 例:They speak English. (主动语态) 主谓宾 English is spoken by them. (被动语态) 主语谓语介词短语 注:☆及物动词有被动语态,不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。 例:⑴We listen to the teacher carefully in class. 主谓宾 →The teacher is listened to by us carefully in class. 主语谓语介词短语 ⑵We laughed at him . →He was laughed at by us. 二、被动语态的结构与应用情况: ㈠基本结构: 肯定句式:be +done (及物动词的过去分词) + 相应的介词或副词 否定句式:be +not +done 疑问句式:be动词(情态动词)放句首 被动语态中的be为助动词,无意义。be可能是am , is , are也可能是was ,were或原形be。 注:☆被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的,be是什么时态,全句就是什么时态,be后面的过去分词不变。 Eg: 1、The song is liked by young people. (肯定句)

2、The song isn’t liked by young people (否定句) 3、Is the song liked by young people (一般疑问句) 4、Who is the song liked by =By whom is the song liked (特殊疑问句) ㈡各种时态的构成(动词以do为例): 时态动词的被动形式例句 一般现在时am/is /are done He is asked to do this. 一般过去时was/were done The story was told by her mother. 一般将来时will /shall be done The problem will be discussed tomorrow. Is/are going to 过去将来时should/would be done He said the trees would be planted soon. Was/were are going to 现在进行时am/is/are being done The novel is being written. 过去进行时was/were being done At that time the desk was being made. 现在完成时has/have been done The house has been built. 过去完成时had been done They said that their work had been finished. 含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+ done Your homework must be handed in today. 其它几种特殊句型:It is said that ……..It is well known that …….It is reported that…… 例:①History is made by the people. (一般现在时) ②The cars were made in Tianjin in 1995. (一般过去时) ③The tree will be cut down next year.(一般将来时) ④The room must be kept clean. (含有情态动词的被动语态) ⑤The door is being opened. (现在进行时) ⑥The film has been seen by me. (现在完成时) 注:☆不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上,同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。 (三)应用情况 行为的执行者不明确或不必说出来。

初中英语语法基础知识汇总形容词

初中英语语法基础知识汇总 形容词adj. 形容词的定义和用法: 定义:形容词用来修饰名词或代词, 表示人或事物的性质, 状态,和特征。形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语,补语。 She is a good student, and she works hard. 她是一个好学生,她学习努力。 This bike is expensive. 这辆自行车很贵。 I am sorry, I'm busy now. 对不起,我现在很忙。 Have you got everything ready for the meeting? 你为这次会议做好准备吗? 形容词在句中的位置: 形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时, 则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定, 越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面, 音节多的形容词放在后面。 英语单词中,something, anything, nothing 等不定代词被形容词修饰时,形容词放在名词后面。 I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事要告诉你。 Is there anything interesting in the film. 电影里有什么有趣的内容吗? There is nothing dangerous here. 这儿一点都不危险。 由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。 This is the book easy to read. 这是一本容易读的书。 用and 或or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. 每一个人,男女老少,都应该参加会议。 You can take any box away, big or small. 这些箱子,不管大小,你都可以拿走。 形容词的比较级和最高级: 绝大多数形容词有三种形式,原级,比较级和最高级, 以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。 形容词的原级: 形容词的原级形式就是词典中出现的形容词的原形。例如: poor tall great glad bad 形容词的比较级和最高级: 形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变化的。分为规则变化和不规则变化。 规则变化如下: 1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加-er 和-est 构成。 great (原级) greater(比较级) greatest(最高级) 2) 以-e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-r 和-st 构成。 wide (原级) wider (比较级) widest (最高级) 3)少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-er 和-est 构成。 clever(原级) cleverer(比较级) cleverest(最高级) 4) 以-y 结尾,但-y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把-y 去掉,加上-ier 和-est 构成. happy (原形) happier (比较级) happiest (最高级) 5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加-er和-est。

初中英语语法知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

最全初中英语语法之被动语态

初中英语被动语态复习 一、被动语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。 如: He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。(主动语态) The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。(被动语态) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。 1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种,现以动词clean为例列表说明: 2、被动语态的句式变化: 以一般现在时和动词invite为例,列表说明被动语态的句式变化: 3、含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词;其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成,"be+过去分词"部分不变。如: Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。 Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。(一般过去时)

Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗?(疑问句) 三、主动语态变为被动语态 转换图示: 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤: (1)将主动句的宾语变为主语: 注意:如果主动句的宾语是代词,需将其由宾格变为主格。如: Tom killed him. →He was killed by Tom. (2)将动词改为"be+过去分词"。 注意: They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。 (3)将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。 注意:如果原主语是代词,则应由主格变为宾格。 He sang a song. →A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项: 含有双宾语,即直接宾语(常指事物)和间接宾语(常指人)的句子,每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语,即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。 Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。 We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack. 四.被动语态的基本用法 1.需要强调动作的承受者时,用被动语态。 Magazines and newspapers in the reading-room mustn't be taken away. 阅览室的杂志和报纸都不能带走。 2.不知道或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时,应使用被动语态。 He was wounded many times during the Anti--Japanese War. 他在抗日战争期间多次负伤。 The problem has to be dealt with right now. 这个问题必须马上处理。 3.当说话人需要强调客观时,用被动语态。 It is said that the temperature tomorrow will be 40℃. 据说明天的气温将要达到摄氏40度。 It is hoped that they will be successful.

初中英语语法知识—被动语态的知识点总复习有答案

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