经验论文：杜威“艺术即经验”美学思想研究

经验论文：杜威“艺术即经验”美学思想研究

【中文摘要】《艺术即经验》是杜威美学思想的集中代表,也是实用主义美学的扛鼎之作。这部成书于杜威晚年、代表了其思想成熟深度的著作,是他一生主张和践行的实用主义哲学和美学的总结,其覆

盖范围之广泛,讨论之详细实属罕见。杜威以“经验(experience)”作为其美学思想的出发点和归宿,并赋予经验以区别于传统经验论的内涵,希望通过将经验送归到其在习语中的种种用法而获得解救。他认为经验起源于作为“活的生物(living creature)”的人与环境之间的相互作用,在这种相互作用中,经验的自然根基与活力得以恢复,并具有了社会-历史的维度,人与自然、社会构成了一个密切联系、不可分割的有机统一体。这样一来,作为经验的艺术不仅恢复了与生活的密切联系,还成为了一个囊括了自然美、社会美、艺术美的广阔的范畴。杜威眼中的“经验”是一个极具包容性的概念,它存在于我们生活的方方面面。而艺术作为人类生活的产物,其实质也不外乎是一种经验——一个手段与、实质与形式、情感与理性、审美性与实用性有机统一的完满的经验。从这个意义上讲,艺术即经验。作为一个完满的经验的艺术,它来源于适当的做与充分的受之间的协作,是一个

包含能量与节奏、重新组织材料的动态的连续性过程。这个过程的结果就是艺术品,它要求其生产、欣赏、交流活动都必须有经验的参与。杜威用经验来阐释艺术,在极其宽泛地扩展了艺术的内涵的同时,实

际上也从最严苛的角度进行了界定,一个完满的、充满生机与活力的

经验才是艺术。这不同于审美泛化的主张。

【英文摘要】Art as Experience is a masterpiece of pragmatist aesthetics written by Dewey, which expresses all his aesthetic thoughts. The masterpiece was written in Dewey’s latter years, representing his mentally mature. It summarizes Dewey’s pragmatism philosophy and aesthetics that he advocates and practices in all his life. It is a precious piece of works which is both comprehensive and precise.Experience, which differs from traditional empiricism, is the starting point and goal of Dewey’s aesthetic ideology. Dewey believes that it can be liberated by the various usages in idioms. He thinks that experience is an outcome of interaction between living creature, that is, people and their living environment. In the interaction, experience restored its natural basis and vigor, and had the dimension of society and history. In the end, people, nature and society become a unity that have strong bonds and can’t be separated. In this way, art as experience restores its connection with our life, and also become an inclusive category containing the beauty of nature, the beauty of society and the beauty of art.The experience in Dewey’s opinion is a conclusive conception, and it permeates our life. As a production by human, art is nothing more than an experience,

more exactly, a complete piece of experience that integrates means and end, substance and form, emotion and reason, knowledge and practice, aesthetics and pragmatics. In this sense, art is experience. As a complete piece of experience, art originates from the cooperation of doing and undergoing, which is a dynamic and continuous process that consists of energy, rhythm and reorganization of materials. The outcome of such process is art product. The whole art activities, that is, artistic production, appreciation and communication all involve experience. Dewey’s method of explaining art by means of experience widely extends the connotation of art. Meanwhile, it also rigorously defines art strictly:art is a complete, vigorous experience, which is different from aestheticization.

【关键词】经验做与受艺术

【英文关键词】experience doing and undergoing art

【目录】杜威“艺术即经验”美学思想研究中文摘要

6-7ABSTRACT7序论8-11第一章杜威美学思

想的来源及哲学基础11-18第一节黑格尔辩证统一思想对杜

威的影响11-13第二节达尔文进化论思想对杜威的影响

13-15第三节实用主义哲学对杜威的影响15-18第二

章杜威美学思想的核心——经验18-32第一节传统的经验