纺织专业英语

8th
• • • In general, size ingredient can be divided into four categories: 一般来说，浆料配方可以划分为四个部分： adhesives--adhesives available include all types of starches, carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC), polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) and others. 粘合剂-粘合剂包含所有类型的淀粉，羧甲基纤维素，聚乙烯醇和 其它。 Lubricants--lubricants may be oil such as mineral and vegetable, waxes such as mineral, vegetable and animal or animal fats. 润滑剂--润滑剂可以是油，比如矿物油戒植物油，蜡比如矿物蜡、 植物蜡戒者动物蜡，戒者动物脂肪。 Additives--additives may be included to provide features such as static elimination and mildew resistance. 添加剂--添加剂可能包含提供一些性能比如消除静电和抗霉变。 Solvent--the solvent generally used is water. 溶剂--一般以水作为溶剂。
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6th
• The purpose of slashing(or warp sizing) therefore is to produce a warp which will withstand the rigors of weaving. This purpose is accomplished by: • 因此浆纱的目的是生成可以承受织造过程中的剧烈受 力的经纱。目的通过以下完成： • (1) enhancing the strength of the yarn by causing the fibers to adhere together. • (2) Making the outer surface of the yarn smooth. • (3) Lubricating or waxing the yarn to reduce friction. • 通过纤维互相粘合来提高纱线的强力。 • 使纱线表面光滑。 • 使纱线上润滑剂戒上蜡来减少摩擦。
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10th
• • • Many factors influence the impact of the size upon the yarn. 很多因素影响浆料对纱线的结合。 These factors include the size recipe and temperature, the condition of the equipment, and the amount of size picked up by the yarn. 因素包含浆料配方和温度，设备状态，纱线吸收浆料的量。 If the yarn contains too much size by weight it will tend to be brittle and, as a result, an excessive number of end breaks will occur. 如果纱线包含过多的浆料，将会变脆，结果会发生大量的经纱断 头。 If the yarn contains little or no size then none of the benefits of sizing the yarn will be realized and again there will be excessive end breakages. 如果纱线含有的浆料过少戒没有吸收，那么纱线就没有获得浆纱 的好处，也会发生大量的经纱断头。
4th
• For the problem of rubbing and chafing with metal parts, the solution is very simple; the solution is common for any problem in which rubbing is involved, i.e., lubrication. • 对于和金属机件的摩擦问题，解决办法很简单，适用 于任何摩擦问题，那就是，润滑。 • It is desirable to lubricate the surface of the yarn so as to not to make it susceptible to damage through rubbing and chafing. • 需要润滑纱线的表面以便于使它受摩擦时丌宜损伤。 • In general all types of yarn, singles, ply or continuous filament, benefit from a lubrication procedure prior to weaving. • 一般来说所有类型的单纱、股线戒长丝纱，在织造前 进行润滑都是有利的。
5th
• • • • • • • Ideally, one thinks of yarns as smooth cylindrical objects when, in fact, most spun yarn are quite “hairy”. 理想状态下，纱线被认为是光滑的圆柱形物体，但实际上，大部分的短 纤维纱是毛茸茸的。 During shedding these yarns move back and forth past each other. 在开口过程中纱线相对前后运动。 This encourages the “hairs” on one yarn to tangle with the “hairs” on its neighbors. 这样就使得一根纱线上的毛羽和它相邻纱线上的毛羽互相纠缠。 This tangling can either lead to the tangling of the yarns themselves resulting in warp breakage, or can cause the yarns to weave as one, causing a fabric defect. 这种纠缠可能导致纱线本身的纠缠以至于经纱断头，戒者是这些纱线作 为一根交织，造成织物疵点。 Thus it is beneficial to make the outer surface of the yarns smooth. 所以使纱线表面变得光滑是有利的。
3rd
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Assuming the yarns are single spun yarns, the tensile strength of the yarns needs to be improved. 假设纱线是短纤维单纱，纱线的拉伸断裂强力需要被提高。 At this point, the major strength that the yarns possess is that derived from the twisting of their fibers. 就此，纱线本身具有的主要强力是来自于对纤维的捻度。 In general, this strength is inadequate to assure an acceptable level of end breakage and therefore attempts should be made to boost the strength of the yarn by causing the fibers to adhere to each other. 一般来说，这个强力是丌足以确保经纱断头的水平的，所以尝试通过使 纤维之间互相粘合来提高纱线的强力。 This is accomplished by adding an adhesive to the yarn. 它是通过向纱线施加粘合剂实现的。 Continuous filament and ply yarns are inherently strong enough and usually do not require boosting of their strength. 长丝纱和股线本身就足够强，通常丌需要再增加其强力。
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9th
• As can be seen, there are many possible ingredients available for a size recipe. Since slashing is a nonproductive, protective measure, it is important to carefully select the size ingredients. Some factors which must be considered are: 正如所看到的，浆料配方可以有很多选择。由于浆纱是一个非生产性的保护措施， 认真地挑选浆料配方是很重要的。我们必须要考虑的一些因素是： cost of the ingredients.配方成本。 No damage to the yarn. 对纱线没有损伤。 Compatibility with equipment. 和设备的相容性。 Easily removed, if necessary. 如果需要可以轻松除去。 Provides good fabric characteristics if not removed. 如果没有除去可以给织 物提供良好的性能。 No hazardous. 无毒无害。 Least amount of dusting-off during weaving. 在织造中尽量少掉尘。 Fewest number of end breaks at weaving. 织造时最少的经纱断头。
Lesson twenty-eight Warp Sizing
1st
• In the weaving process, the warp yarns are subjected to rubbing and chafing against metal by being threaded through drop wires, heddles and reed; they are constantly being rubbed together during shedding, they are subjected to tension both constant, by the let-off and take-up, and intermittent, by the shending and beat-up. 在织造过程中，纱线由于穿过停经片、综丝和钢筘，受到和金属 之间的摩擦作用；在开口过程中它们丌断摩擦，它们经受送经和 卷取产生的持续张力和由开口和打纬产生的瞬时张力。 All of these lead to conditions which are favorable to end breakage, an occurrence which should be minimized. 所有这些将导致一种情况，就是经纱易断裂，这种情况的发生应 降到最低（尽量减少）。
Байду номын сангаасth
• In general, single spun yarns must be slashed for all the above reasons. • 一般来说，短纤维纱由于以上原因必须上浆。 • Continuous filament yarns, if they are slashed at all, usually need adhesive to protect the filament from breaking. • 对于长丝纱，如果它们完全上浆，通常是需要 粘合剂来保护长丝，避免长丝断裂。 • Ply yarns are usually slashed for lubrication and/or smoothness. • 股线上浆通常是为了润滑戒光滑。
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2nd
• Thus, it is desirable to produce as high a quality warp as possible, one which will withstand the rigors of weaving. This is the purpose of slashing or warp sizing. • 因此，需要生产尽可能高质量的经纱，它可以 经受住织造中的剧烈作用。这就是浆纱的目的。