(11.3) unit 14 Irih Culture 爱尔兰共和国文化

Language
This idiom is distinguished from the kind of English spoken in the British Isles by ①a certain vocabulary ②certain semantic idiosyncrasies ③the varietnal accents,from Cork to Donegal
Roy Keane


Roy Keane is probably Ireland’s most famous player. He was the team captain for both Manchester United and Ireland for many years.

Oral Culture
Ireland is a culture which operates most obviously on an oral level. The basis for this is,of course, in the original peasant culture,which made the transfer from an oral to a written culture only slowly in the late 19th century.The great value is extended to the ability to talk spontaneously and with grance and force.
Oral culture口头文化 & Art culture艺 术文化

Oral culture --- informal way of doing business Art culture ---- rich folk heritage--consciously rooted in the traditions
Football


Football is very popular in Ireland. Because football is much bigger in England, most of Ireland’s best players play for English clubs such as Manchester United or Liverpool. They return to Ireland only to play international matches for Ireland.
Sports culture

1878 Soccer --- 1990 first appeared in the World Cup Rugby football --- Triple Crown match --England, Scotland and Wales Hurling --- banned twice by English rulers Horse racing --- sociable; elegant animals; placing a bet
Sport in Ireland.




Ireland has a rich sporting culture. Ireland has two national sports native to Ireland. Hurling. Gaelic football. Croke Park in Dublin is where all major sporting events are currently played. It is the 4th largest stadium in Europe.
Music and dance
Sean nos --- old style of singing --unaccompanied voice Pipe music: quieter


Dance: master in each village; fiddle Long narrative songs--- political commentary on actual events
Music and Dance
Visual culture

Arts of the ear, not of the eye
Bronze age --- intricate metalwork Early Christian era --- book illustration Norman architecture and Georgian houses

1.The oldest form of music is that embodied by the sean nos or "old style" of singing. Traditionally, sean nos is sung by the unaccompanied voice. The words are always in Irish,the last line is spoken, not sung. 2.The same is true of the pipe music. The Irish pipe is distinctive, the Irish pipes are played by holding the airbag under the arm amd pumping it with the elbow. 3. Dancing is traditionally part of Irish culture.

Visual Culture
In the folk culture, the visual harmony of its architecture, its clothing, and its folk arts such as rush weaving, are readily evident. After the Viking raids of the 8th century, the glories of Irish art declined until, following the Norman invasion of Ireland ,its visual art was usually limited to the imported by the new settlers.
Literature
1.The first stories told in Ireland were not only oral, but were recited in the Irish language, as it was the first language of the land. 2.The first poem identified as "Irish". 3.The origin of four winners of the NOBEL PRIZE for literature： the poets ①W.B.Yeats(1865-1929) ②Seamus Heaney(1939-) the playwrights ①George Bernard Shaw(1856-1929) ②Samuel Beckett(1906-1989)



Sports Culture
1.The performance culture which elicits the most passionate response in the Irish people is sports. Soccer or football has a large social importance in Ireland. The Irish team made its first appearance in the world cup finals in Italy in 1990. 2.Rugby football is very popular. Every year the Irish rugby team competes in the Six Nations‘ Cup and every four years they are free to compete in the Rugby World Cup. 3.The game that is most natively Irish is called hurling. The oldest date for its origin is 1272 BC. 4.The newest and most fashionable ball game in Ireland is golf. Other widely popular sports are sailing, tennis, and running.

Language




.The issue of language, like much else in Ireland,is heavily politicized.Traditionally,the Irish people spoke their own language,called Irish or Gaelic.It is a very ancient(and difficult)language with a rich oral culture The death blow to the Irish language was the Great Famine of 1845-1848,in which almost two million Irish people emigrated or died. The first Irish national state was set up(the Free State of 1922),a concerted,official attempt was made to make Irish once again the national language. The language that is spoken universally in the Republic of Ireland is a version of standard English known as Hiberno-English.
Unit 14 Irish culture: language, literature and arts
Language
Peasant class (mid 19th century) – emigration during the Great Famine 1845-48) – revive the use of the language ( late 19th century) The national language (1922) Competence in Irish: enter the universities, civil services, diplomatic core, teaching profession
Art Culture
Ireland is a traditional culture and it is true to say virtually every art form in Irelan derives from its rich folk heritage. Ireland is known throughout the world for the intricacy and fervour of its folk dances,rearranged and modernized in the current stage productions of Riverdance.