短文改错考点1-名词的数与格的误用

不止一处名胜，故用复数。
11. (2007大纲卷II) It will be lots of fun practicing out in the playground in the afternoon with the tree around us all red trees and yellow and everybody laughing and shouting.
指到达“我朋友的家”，而my friend’s home中home可省略。
7.(2015新课标卷II) One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. parents It was very crowded. …he turned around and found that his parents were missing.
因these后应接可数名词复数。
3.(2013新课标卷I) He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from shoulders black to gray over the years.
肩有左肩和右肩，通常用复数。
4.(2012新课标卷) From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. toys
“迫切需要符合英国人习惯的有手柄的杯 子”，用可数名词复数表示这一类东西， 事实上handles也提醒我们用复数。
思路点拨
1.依据可数名词与不可数名词的用法特点。 可数名词大于一时要用复数，不可数名词 一般没有复数形式。如air, milk, water等物 质名词与music, advice, fun等抽象名词是 不可数名词，一般是没有复数形式的。还 有luggage, furniture, equipment等都是容 易出错的不可数名词。
二，连句成篇
考点1：
名词的数与格的误用
真题再练
1.(2015新课标卷I) The airs we breathe in is air getting dirtier and dirtier.
因air是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
2.(2014新课标卷I) Since then—for all these year—we have been allowing tomatoes to years self-seed where they please.
2.依据名词前的修饰语。如名词前有these, those, ten等修饰时，应当用复数。如［真题 再练］2，these year就错了，要用these years 才正确。 3.依据主谓一致原则。如果谓语动词是复数， 主语也应是复数；如果谓语动词是单数，主 语也应是单数。如［真题再练］1，谓语是is getting，而主语是airs，可知这里一定有问题。
可数名词只要数量大于一就要用复数，“一 个半小时”大于“一小时”，故第一个hour 用复数。
9.(2013新课标卷II) When tea got popular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits. cups
英语写作基础训练
一，单句翻译：
1.大量扑杀极度地影响了野生动物的数量（affect,） 2.一些动物灭绝，一些动物身处险境。（die out ） 3.政府已经关注这种情况，并采取了一系列措施。 (attention,situation,a series of ) 4.我们要像保护我们的眼睛一样尽力保护环境。 （protect，care for, as） 5.只有这样我们才能成功地阻止这种状况的恶化. (prevent... from, get worse,successfully） 6.如果每个人都为保护环境贡献自己的一份力量， 世界将会变得更美丽（make contribution to）
由下文的his parents were missing可知 parent要用复数。
8.(2014新课标卷II) For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day. hours
因one of…后面的名词要用复数形式。
7. (2011大纲卷II) My brother was so fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to stay another couple of day. days
表示再待“几天”，故day用复数。
因way作“线路”解时，通常用单数。如 find one’s way home找到回家的路，tell sb. the way为某人指路，ask the way问路。
16. (2007大纲卷I) I looked at his other hands. “But Grandpa, why do you have hand more lines on that one?”
8. (2010大纲卷II) Christie was one of my best friend at high school. friends
在one of后必定用名词复数。
9. (2009大纲卷II) I stayed there for one and a half hour and made sure that the hours girl was all right.
由常识可知，人有两只手，此处指另 外一只手，不可能是另外多只手。
17. (2007新课标卷) I first met Li Ming at a friend biLeabharlann Baiduthday party five years ago. friend’s 在birthday前作定语，用名词的所有 格，指在“朋友的”生日聚会上。
由后面的all可知，不止一棵树，故用复数。
12. (2013大纲卷) In my family, there are three peoples. people
表示“人”, people本身就是复数。
13. (2013大纲卷) At home, my father often thinks I’m silly. He says if I decide to do something, it takes him much times to stop me. time 因time表示时间是不可数名词。
hour是可数名词，数量大于一就要用复 数，“一个半”小时大于“一”小时了， 故用复数。
10. (2008大纲卷I) I’d like to stay there for half a month, visiting place of interest and places practicing my English as well.
3. (2008新课标卷) More than 1 000 painting will be on show… paintings 因painting(油画)是可数名词，由1000 可知用复数。
4. (2007新课标卷)We listened to my CDs together and soon became best friend. friends 两个人成为最好的朋友, friend要用复数 形式。
3.表示“某人的”本应用名词的所有格，文 中却没用。如［真题再练］第6题。注意， 以下情况中，名词所有格后的名词可省略： a butcher’s (shop)肉铺，a tailor’s (shop)裁 缝店，a barber’s (shop)理发店，a doctor’s (office)诊所，my sister’s (home)我姐姐家， 其中shop, office, home等表示处所的词都可 以省略，直接用名词所有格表示。
2.可数名词该用复数时，文中却用了单数。 如［真题再练］第2、3、4、7、8、9题。 显然，这是考查的重点。要注意可数名词 前有these, those, several, few, many, a large number of, each of, one of, 或大于1的 数词修饰时，以及虽无这些词但根据语境 其意义大于1时，一定要用复数形式。
4. 依据上下文信息。如［真题再练］7， Tony went to a shopping center with his parent，汤姆是同他的父亲或母亲，还是 同他父母一起去商场？下文his parents were missing告诉我们，是同父母一起去 的，故parent应用复数。
5.依据生活常识。如［真题再练］3，一个 人的肩膀是有左有右的，应当用复数。如 果没有这个常识就无法正确指出with broad shoulder这一错误。
14. (2010大纲卷I) He agreed to read my story and give me some advices on how advice to write like a real writer.
因advice是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
15. (2008大纲卷II) Third, since I am familiar with Beijing, I can help visitors find their ways in the city. way
因each of后接可数名词复数。
5.(2011新课标卷) It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. luggage 因luggage或baggage(行李)是不可数名 词，没有复数形式。
6.(2011新课标卷) When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes. friend’s
考点练透
1. (2010新课标卷)… he stopped at a box of golden ball for Christmas trees. balls
因是一箱金色的球，不止一个，故用 复数。
2. (2009新课标卷) There are two girls from my course here and I plan to make friend with them so that we can help friends each other with the course work. 表示“与某人交朋友”用短语make friends with，friend应用复数。
5. (2012大纲卷II) Water is important. We, as well as animal, cannot live animals without water…
用复数名词表示泛指。
6. (2011大纲卷I) One of my unforgettable memory of my school in Xinjiang is that of memories lunches we brought from our homes.
6.依据逻辑意义。如［真题再练］6，“当 我最终到达朋友时”，“到达朋友”怎么 讲得通呢？这里一定有问题，应当是“到 达朋友的家”才通顺。
考点归纳
名词是短文改错的必考点，5年8套题中 无一例外。主要考查名词的“数”与“格”， 具体有3点： 1.不可数名词没有复数，文中却用了复数。 如［真题再练］第1题和第5题。要牢记常见 的不可数名词，如：fun, advice, information, work(工作), homework, housework, progress, luggage, furniture, equipment, money等。