广东外语外贸大学高级翻译学院高级英汉汉英口译课件3

Most Importantly:
形合(hypotaxis) vs.意合(parataxis)
形合 (Hypotaxis)
The dependent or subordinate construction or relationship with connectives, for example, I shall despair if you don’t come.
Examples Analysis
我们的主要调整方向应该是发挥公司的比较优 势，当然就是技术优势了。 Our objective of adjustment should be to bring into play the company’s comparative advantage, which is the advantage in technology. Our adjustment should be aimed at using the company’s comparative advantage, that is, the advantage in technology.
意和 (Parataxis)
The arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them. For example, The rain fell; the river flooded; the house washed away.
Examples Analysis
To both industrialized and developing countries, this is an issue of growing concern in which international cooperation is essential. 对于工业化国家和发展中国家，这都是 一个他们日益关切的问题，切需国际合 作。
Relative Adverb (when, where, why, how)
小句是修饰和被修饰关系，在语法上是 主句和定语从句关系，相当于“介词 +which”。 This is the reason why he is leaving so soon. Do you know the way how they solved the problems? 这两类表示小句间关系的关系代词和关 系副词是汉语中没有的。
Examples Analysis
If I had known it, I would not have come here. 早知如此，我就不来了。
Examples Analysis
Because the work was so hard, we were very grateful to him. 工作非常不易，我们很感激他。
Examples Analysis
我们应该牢牢把握中美关系的大局，妥善解决 分歧，不断朝着增进了解、扩大共识、发展合 作、共创未来的目标前进。 We should take a firm hold of the overall interests of sino-US relations and settle our differences properly so as to reach the goal of promoting mutual understanding, broadening common ground, developing cooperation and building a future together.
Coordinator
and, or, but, both … and …, either …or …, neither … nor …, not only … but also …, so that, as well as, rather than, etc.
Subordinator
About 70 of them 1) Simple Coordinator（简单从属连词） 2) Compound Coordinator（复合从属连词） 3) Correlative Coordinator（关联复合连词）
Examples Analysis
一个繁荣、富强的中国，一个稳定的中国比一 个动乱的、贫穷的、落后的中国要对无论美国 也好、无论对亚太地区也好，无论对世界也好， 是有好处的、是有益的。这个应该说是积极的。 A prosperous, strong and stable China is better to the United States, to the Asia-Pacific Region, and to the whole world than a chaotic, poor and backward China, so this is quite positive.
Session 3 形合与意合
Example from a Symposium
各美其美， 美人之美， 美美与共， 天下大同！
Binary Oppositions between English ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ Chinese
英语：法治，刚性，显性，语法型， 主体性，聚焦型 汉语：人治，柔性，隐性，语用型， 平面性，流散型
Key Difference – use of connectives
Connectives (联系用语 联系用语) 联系用语
Relative pronoun （关系代词） Relative adverb（关系副词） Coordinator（并列连接词） Subordinator （从属连接词）
Overt cohesion vs.Covert cohesion 显性连接 vs. 隐性连接
Examples Analysis
我们应该相互尊重，相互学习，取长补 短，共同进步。 We should respect and learn from each other and draw upon others’ strong points to offset one’s own deficiencies for achieving common progress.
Examples Analysis
For the international community the most striking consequence of these changes is that China has grown to be the world’s 6th largest economy. 对国际社会来说，这些变化带来的最引 人注目的结果是，中国已跃居为世界第 六大经济强国。
Examples Analysis
As the weather was fine, we decided to hold the reception in the open air. 天气很好，我们决定举行露天招待会。
Examples Analysis
If we persist in our reform, we will be able to turn our ideals into reality. 坚持变革创新，理想就会变为现实。
Examples Analysis
It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to China in May. I was delighted when, as a result of the effort of your company, it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly. 原打算五月份访华，后不得不推迟，深感失望。 由于贵公司的努力，访问这么快得以重新安排， 非常高兴。
Examples Analysis
中国是一个有五千年文明历史的国家， 从历史文化来了解和认识中国，是一个 重要的视角。 China is a country with 5,000 years of civilization. Therefore, it is important to approach China from a historical and cultural perspective.
Examples Analysis
这里，我想就中国纺织品出口的问题谈 些看法，希望有助于诸位对现状的了解。 Here, I would like to make some observations on China’s textile export, which I hope will help you understand the present situation better. Here, I would like to make an account on the export of China’s textile products in the hope that all of you will have a clearer picture on the present situation.
Examples Analysis
这是我个人的想法，不见得恰当。谢谢！ This is only my personal view, which might be wrong. Thank you very much!
Examples Analysis
明清两个朝代，封建统治者实行闭关锁 国政策，阻碍了中国的进步和中外交流。 During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the feudal rulers adopted a policy of seclusion, which hampered China’s progress and its exchanges with the outside world.
Examples Analysis
中国拥有广大的市场和发展需求，日本拥有先 进的科学技术和巨大的物质力量，两国之间有 着很强的经济互补性。 China holds a huge market and great demand for development and Japan holds advanced science and technology as well as enormous material force. The economies of the two countries are therefore highly complementary with each other. China boasts a huge and great demand for development, while Japan owns advanced science and technology as well as enormous material strength, which have together contributed to the strong economic complementarity between the two countries.
Relative Pronoun (who, whom, which, that, what)
小句是修饰和被修饰关系，在语法上是 主句与定语从句关系。 He is one of the boys who always does well at school. This is what he told us at the meeting.