Lesson14SpectrumAnalyzers电子技术专业英语教程
光电子技术专业英语
4. 新词汇 近几十年来，在 现有专业词汇和半专业词 汇的基础上又出现了几种 新的词汇，其构词方法主 要有合成法、混成法、截 短法、缩略法、转化法等 。
第1章 科技英语翻译
1.4 科技英语翻译
翻译是把一种语言所表达的思维内容用另一种语言表达出来的跨语 言、跨文化的语言交际活动。翻译包括口译(interpretation)和笔译 (translation)。在笔译中，又可分为科技翻译、文学翻译、政论文翻 译和应用文翻译等等。
第1章 科技英语翻译
1. 日常词汇 用于某 一专业科技领域便成 为专业技术用语，具 有严格的科学含义。
.
1.3 科技英 语词汇特点
2. 专业词汇 除部分来 自英语日常词汇外，绝 大多数，尤其是名词术 语则是由拉丁语和希腊 语的词根(root)和词缀 （affix）构成的。
3. 半专业词汇 指那 些既用于日常英语， 同时又是科技英语中 常用的词汇。
第1章 科技英语翻译
学习专业英语不仅仅是学习英语专业词汇，在科技英语中， 专业词汇仅占20%，其余80%都是我们常用的词汇。 科技英语主要应用于科技报告和论文的写作中，在表达上 具有简洁、准确的特点，这使得科技英语在语法上具有一 定的特殊性。 我们将对科技英语的概念、文体总貌、词汇特点、翻译方 法和技巧等方面进行简单阐述，以尽快适应专业英语的学 习。
。
1. 词类转换
将英语句子中属于某种词类的词，译成另一种词类的汉语词，以适应汉语的 表达习惯或达到某种修辞目的。
如：（1）Lasers are used in the treatment of retinal detachment. 激光用于治疗视网膜脱落。“治疗treat”因作介词宾语需用名词treatment，汉译时仍可 用动词“治疗”。 （2）Maiman’s invention of the laser provided new sources of very intense, coherent and highly directional light beams. 梅曼发明了激光器，提供了一种新光源，可产生极强的、相干的和高度定向的光束。 “发明”英译时因作主语故用名词invention。
新编电子技术专业英语.课件.丁向荣 (1)[33页]
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n
p
milli micro nano pico
P : 1015 peta f : 10-15 femto
o
10-10 Angstrom
3
Symbols of resistors :
Resistors Potentiometers Adjustable resistors
Trimming potentiometers
Thermistors
4
Types of Resistors :
carbon film resistors
Metal film resistors
Synthetic film resistors
Cement resistors
Fuse resistors Wire-wound resistors NTC PTC resistors (a) non-repair
(b) repair 5
Recognition of color ring of resistance
6
Adjustable resistors
Resistor body
Welding sheet Shell (can) Slide plane
the structure of potentiometer
专业英文
Unit 1 Electronic components
1
[e]
[i] [ɛf] [dʒi] [et∫]
[dʒe] [ke] [ɛ l]
[o] [ɑr ]
2
常见单位换算:
1012 109
106
103
T
G
M
k
tera giga mega kilo
SpectrumAnalyzer_基础——安立
Technical N o teThe Basis of Spectrum AnalyzersSpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-1SpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-11Slide3 SpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-12. Measurement CategoriesSpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-12Oscilloscope waveformsSlideSpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-1SpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-13SpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-1SpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-1 4Block Diagram of the Super-Heterodyne MethodSpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-1SpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-15SpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-1SpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-1 6fSpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-1narrow enough, and a high purity signal is input.IdealSpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-178 SpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-1=1GHz, Offset 10kHz, RBW 300Hz, VBW 10Hz Sideband Noise:–87dBc / 300Hz Æ-112dBc / HzSideband Noise: –84dBc / 10kHz Æ-124dBc / HzOffset 10kHz Offset 100kHzcarrier carrierSlide 16SpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-1Two input signals can be seen as two spectrum waveforms only if they exceed the 3dB bandwidth of the IF filter.The 3dB bandwidth of this IF filter is called the resolution bandwidth RBW. 4.5 Resolution bandwidth for frequency (RBW)-10kHz +10kHz -10kHz +10kHz-10kHz +10kHze.g The specification of MS8609ASpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-1SpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-19SpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-1Pos Peak is used for Normal signal measurement, Occupied bandwidthSpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-110SpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-1A noisy signal can be removed by lowering the VBW. However, the signaldisappears if VBW is lowered too much when measuring a pulsed signal. SpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-111SpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-1SpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-1 1213Slide 25SpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-1The average noise levelincreases 10dB when RBW value is changed from 1kHz to 10kHz.The average noise level changes by 10dB when ATT value is changed by 10dB.SpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-1(2) Residual responseResidual response is a phenomenon that appears as anSpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-1What is Second Harmonic Intercept point(SHI)?SpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-114SpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-1What is Third Order Intercept point(TOI)?SpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-115SpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-1SpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-1 16Anritsu Corporation5-1-1 Onna, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa, 243-8555 Japan Phone: +81-46-223-1111Fax: +81-46-296-1264•U.S.A.Anritsu Company1155 East Collins Blvd., Richardson, TX 75081, U.S.A. Toll Free: 1-800-267-4878Phone: +1-972-644-1777Fax: +1-972-671-1877•CanadaAnritsu Electronics Ltd.700 Silver Seven Road, Suite 120, Kanata,Ontario K2V 1C3, CanadaPhone: +1-613-591-2003Fax: +1-613-591-1006•BrazilAnritsu Eletrônica Ltda.Praca Amadeu Amaral, 27 - 1 Andar01327-010-Paraiso-São Paulo-BrazilPhone: +55-11-3283-2511Fax: +55-11-3288-6940•U.K.Anritsu EMEA Ltd.200 Capability Green, Luton, Bedfordshire, LU1 3LU, U.K. Phone: +44-1582-433200Fax: +44-1582-731303•FranceAnritsu S.A.9 Avenue du Québec, Z.A. de Courtabœuf91951 Les Ulis Cedex, FrancePhone: +33-1-60-92-15-50Fax: +33-1-64-46-10-65•GermanyAnritsu GmbHNemetschek Haus, Konrad-Zuse-Platz 181829 München, GermanyPhone: +49-89-442308-0Fax: +49-89-442308-55•ItalyAnritsu S.p.A.Via Elio Vittorini 129, 00144 Roma, ItalyPhone: +39-6-509-9711Fax: +39-6-502-2425•SwedenAnritsu ABBorgafjordsgatan 13, 164 40 KISTA, SwedenPhone: +46-8-534-707-00Fax: +46-8-534-707-30•FinlandAnritsu ABTeknobulevardi 3-5, FI-01530 VANTAA, FinlandPhone: +358-20-741-8100Fax: +358-20-741-8111•DenmarkAnritsu A/SKirkebjerg Allé 90, DK-2605 Brøndby, DenmarkPhone: +45-72112200Fax: +45-72112210•SpainAnritsu EMEA Ltd.Oficina de Representación en EspañaEdificio VeganovaAvda de la Vega, n˚ 1 (edf 8, pl 1, of 8)28108 ALCOBENDAS - Madrid, SpainPhone: +34-914905761Fax: +34-914905762•United Arab EmiratesAnritsu EMEA Ltd.Dubai Liaison OfficeP O Box 500413 - Dubai Internet CityAl Thuraya Building, Tower 1, Suit 701, 7th FloorDubai, United Arab EmiratesPhone: +971-4-3670352Fax: +971-4-3688460•SingaporeAnritsu Pte. Ltd.10, Hoe Chiang Road, #07-01/02, Keppel Towers,Singapore 089315Phone: +65-6282-2400Fax: +65-6282-2533•P.R. China (Hong Kong)Anritsu Company Ltd.Suite 923, 9/F., Chinachem Golden Plaza, 77 Mody Road,Tsimshatsui East, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. ChinaPhone: +852-2301-4980Fax: +852-2301-3545•P.R. China (Beijing)Anritsu Company Ltd.Beijing Representative OfficeRoom 1515, Beijing Fortune Building,No. 5, Dong-San-Huan Bei Road,Chao-Yang District, Beijing 10004, P.R. ChinaPhone: +86-10-6590-9230Fax: +86-10-6590-9235•KoreaAnritsu Corporation, Ltd.8F Hyunjuk Building, 832-41, Y eoksam Dong,Kangnam-ku, Seoul, 135-080, KoreaPhone: +82-2-553-6603Fax: +82-2-553-6604•AustraliaAnritsu Pty. Ltd.Unit 21/270 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill,Victoria 3168, AustraliaPhone: +61-3-9558-8177Fax: +61-3-9558-8255•TaiwanAnritsu Company Inc.7F, No. 316, Sec. 1, Neihu Rd., Taipei 114, TaiwanPhone: +886-2-8751-1816Fax: +886-2-8751-1817•IndiaAnritsu CorporationIndia Liaison OfficeUnit No. S-3, Second Floor, Esteem Red Cross Bhavan,No. 26, Race Course Road, Bangalore 560 001, IndiaPhone: +91-80-32944707Fax: +91-80-22356648Specifications are subject to change without notice.Please Contact:061121Printed on 70%Recycled PaperNo. SpectrumAnalyzer-E-E-1-(3.00) Printed in Japan 2007-1 AKD。
电子信息工程专业英语28SignalSources
2024/8/6
《电子信息工程专业英语教程》
14
Basic Signal Source Applications
stress/margin test
• Stressing Communication Receivers
Engineers working with serial data stream architectures (commonly used in digital communications buses and disk drive amplifiers) need to stress their devices with impairments, particularly jitter and timing violations. Advanced signal sources save the engineer untold hours of calculation by providing efficient built-in jitter editing and generation tools. These instruments can shift critical signal edges as little as 0.3 ps.
– Full range 满量程
– Troubleshooting 发现并修理故障
– DMM: Digital Multimeter 数字多用表
– UUT: Unit Under Test 被测设备
2024/8/6
《电子信息工程专业英语教程》
3
Backgrounds
• Terminology
– AWG: Arbitrary Waveform Generator 任意波形发生器
Lecture14
Where (t) is known as the delta function with properties:
- The power spectral density of x(t) is then: Z
Sx (f ) =
∞ τ =−∞
δ (t) = 0 for t 6= 0,
Z
∞
δ (t)dt = 1
−∞
Rxx (τ )e−j 2πf τ dτ = No
As with a discrete-time white process, a continuous-time white process has flat spectral density across all frequencies Note that the variance of a white process is actually infinite Practical “white noise” is bandlimited and has finite variance
The above relationship is also true under a less strict condition called linear independence If x and y are zero mean, then E(xy) = 0 implies that x and y are uncorrelated
M.H. Perrott
9
White Random Process (Continuous-Time)
Assume a zero mean, stationary random process x(t):
(完整版)电子技术专业英语
1、汉译英1)直流电路direct current circuits2)放大器（扩音器）amplifier3)模拟电子技术analog electronics4)半导体二极管semiconductor diode5)晶体管效应transistor effect6)微处理器microprocessor7)电气工程electrical engineering8)能源工程（或电力工程）power engineering9)通信工程telecommunications engineering10)内部器件internal devices11)电子元件electrical components12)欧姆定律Ohm law13)限制电流limit current14)分压器voltage divider15)晶体管偏置电路transistor biasing circuits16)阻碍电流block DC current17)存储点能store electrical energy18)感抗inductive reactance19)绝缘材料insulating material20)交流阻抗AC resistancea)通用仪表general-purpose meterb)模拟仪表analog meterc)交换测试笔reverse the test leadsd)机械调节mechanical adjuste)测量电阻measure resistancef)正向电压positive voltageg)测量电流measure currenth)电压幅度voltage amplitudei)双踪示波器dual-trace oscilloscopej)信号发生器signal generator21)PN结PN junction22)三极管bipolar transistor23)电子和空穴electron and hole24)稳压电源electronic power supply或steady DC voltage source25)桥式整流器bridge rectifier26)脉冲直流电pulsating DC27)二极管的正极anode of diode28)峰值电压peak voltage29)电容滤波器capacitor filter30)充电和放电charge and discharge31)稳压管Zener diode32)电器电子工程师学会IEEE(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)33)专业技术组织technical professional association34)基尔霍夫电压定律Kirchhoff’s V oltage Law35)电压源voltage sources36)电荷守恒定律the law of conservation of electric charge37)在每一瞬时at every instant of time38)元件两端的电压voltages across elements39)无线电传输radio transmission40)频率调制或调频frequency modulation41)频域the frequency domain42)线性电阻linear resistor43)调幅波形amplitude modulation wave44)专用集成电路（ASIC）45)快速时间响应fast response time46)有效信号valid signal47)十进制数字系统decimal system48)逻辑运算logic operation1)控制信号线the control bus2)中断线interrupt lines1)结构化语言structured language2)局部变量local variables3)副作用side effect4)汇编语言指令assembly language instructions1)静止图像still image2)阴极射线管，显像管CRT or the cathode ray tube3)像素pixel4)电子束electron beam2、英译汉1)assembler language汇编语言2)alternating current circuits交流电路3)passive electrical circuits无源电路4)three phase circuits三相电路5)digital electronics数字电子技术6)logic gates逻辑门7)3D virtual reality image三维虚拟图像8)computer programming计算机编程9)major in（在大学里）主修10)advanced programming techniques高级编程技术1)known as capacitive reactance称为容抗2)with units ohms单位为欧姆3)prevent device from burning out防止器件烧掉4)has an AC resistance to AC current对交流电流由阻抗5)adjustment with a screw用一个螺丝调节6)in the shape of a cylinder 呈圆柱形式7)block DC current，but pass AC current阻直流通交流8)to vary the inductance改变电感9)be given by the formula 由公式给出10)the RF amplifier 音频放大器1)analog multimeter模拟万用表2)extended range扩展范围3)specific meters特殊仪表4)includes the function and range switches具有功能及范围选择旋钮5)present an electronic picture呈现一幅电子图像6)display the voltage waveform显示电压波形7)appear on the screen在屏幕上出现8)phase relationships相位关系9)an example例如，作为一个例子10)in series with the circuit串连接入电路1)Semiconductor material半导体材料2)forward biased正向偏置3)depend on the external circuit resistance取决于外部电路的电阻4)excessive reverse-biased voltage过高的反偏电压5)is directly proportional to the amount ofbase current是正比于基极电流6)may even appear almost as a short几乎可看成是短路7)cause stability problems for a transistorcircuit引起晶体管电路的稳定性问题8)digital technology数字技术9)the most popular technology最常用的技术10)use two complementary typeset oftransistors N-channel and P-channel用两种互补型的晶体管——N沟道和P沟道1)equipment operation设备的运行2)device that converts AC into DC把交流电转换成直流电的器件3)the power lines电源线4)depending on the value of DC voltageneeded 根据所需要的直流电压值5) a half-wave rectifier平波整流器6)so as to produce a constant DC output从而产生一个稳定的直流输出7)in the negative side of the capacitor在电容的负极8)flow through the load流过负载9)in the forward-biased condition在加正向偏置电压的条件下10) a series（current-limiting）resistor一个串联（限制电流）电阻1)current source电流源2)under this circumstance在这种情况下3)present the second of Kirchhoff’s laws给出基尔霍夫第二定律4)introduce the concept of a “loop”引入“回路”的概念5)An alternative statement of KVLKVL的另一种表述法6)voltages algebraically sum电压代数和7)sinusoidal steady-syate response正弦稳态响应8)ordinary household voltage日常用电的电压9)time-invariant circuit时不变电路10)percentage of modulation调制百分比reduce the power consumption减小消耗功率flip-flop 触发器the octal and hexadecimal systems当时钟脉冲信号来到时改变状态①直流电路direct current circuits②放大器（扩音器）amplifier③欧姆定律Ohm law④正极positive electrode⑤充电与放电Charge and discharge⑥无线电传输Radio transmission⑦模拟仪表Analogue Meters⑧模拟电子技术analog electronics⑨半导体二极管semiconductor⑩晶体管效应transistor effect⑪微处理器microprocessor⑫通信工程telecommunications engineering ⑬汇编语言assembler language⑭电子元件electrical components⑮限制电流limit current⑯分压器voltage divider⑰偏置电路biasing circuits⑱阻碍电流block DC current⑲感抗inductive reactance⑳容抗capacitive21正向电压positive voltage22扩展范围extended range23电压波形voltage waveform24连接入电路in series with the circuit25PN结PN junction 26三极管bipolar transistor27电子与空穴electron and hole28半导体材料semiconductor material29正向偏置forward biased30数字技术digital technology31桥式整流器bridge rectifier32稳压管Zener diode33电源线the power lines34在电容的负极in the negative side of the capacitor 在加正向偏置的条件下in the forward-biased condition一个串联电阻 a series (current-limiting)resistor35电压源voltage sources36在每一瞬时at every instant of time37无线电传输radio transmission38频率调制或调频frequency modulation39快速时间响应fast response time40有效信号valid signal41结构化语言structured language42局部变量local variables43副作用side effect44静止图像still image45阴极射线管pixel46电子束electron beam1.resistors are used to limit current flowing to adevice ,thereby preventing it from burning out, as voltage dividers to reduce voltage for other circuits, as transistor biasing circuits, and to serve as circuit loads.电阻常用做限流器，限制流过器件的电流防止烧坏器件，电阻也可用作分压器，以减小其他电路电压，还可以用在晶体管偏执电路中和作为电路负载。
电子信息工程专业英语29Oscilloscopes
2024/8/6
《电子信息工程专业英语教程》
5
The Types of Oscilloscopes
• analog oscilloscope • digital oscilloscope
– digital storage oscilloscopes (DSOs) – digital phosphor oscilloscopes (DPOs) – digital sampling oscilloscopes
• Something that is an essential or necessary part of a system or object. 基础
• The lowest frequency of a periodically varying quantity or of a vibrating system. 基频
• Terminology
– CRT: Cathode Ray Tube 阴极射线管
– Transducer 传感器，变频器，变换器
– Fundamental frequency 基频
2024/8/6
《电子信息工程专业英语教程》
2
Backgrounds
• Terminology
– sonic boom 声爆
2024/8/6
《电子信息工程专业英语教程》
12
Digital Oscilloscopes
Digital Phosphor Oscilloscopes
Figure 10.6 The parallel-processing architecture of a digital phosphor oscilloscope (DPO)
Spectrum Analyzer
閃轉換器（flash converter）。一般而言，FFT 式頻譜分析儀的分析
範圍，大約在 500 kHz 以下。
3.2 超外差式分析儀 由於受到類比/數位轉換器頻寬的限制，FFT Analyzer 只能量測
低頻的信號。所以為了能量測 Microwave 或 Millimeter 的信號，頻 譜分析儀通常會以外差式接收機原理來操作，如圖六所示為一外差式 頻譜分析儀方塊圖。在這邊，LO 的頻率是可以調變的。而分析儀的 解析度是由 IF filter 的中心頻率所決定的。
fr
=
1 T
其中，fr 是解析頻率(Resolution Frequency)
T 是取樣視窗時距(Samplingห้องสมุดไป่ตู้Window Time)
在取樣視窗中，得到數據的多寡，直接影響頻譜計算的品質。從
尼奎斯特取樣理論（Nyquist Sampling Theorem）中，我們可以知道，
輸入訊號能夠做精確取樣的最大頻率等於分析儀取樣速度（Sampling
圖四
第三章 頻譜分析儀的結構原理與控制要素
根據不同的量測，頻譜分析儀的最大輸入頻率也跟著不同。基本 上，在輸入頻率範圍可以分為： （1）AF 範圍：到 1MHz （2）RF 範圍：到 3GHz （3）Microwave 範圍：到 40GHz （4）Millimeter wave 範圍：40GHz 以上
像把在視窗內的取樣資料，做無限次地重複。這是因為我們無從得知
輸入訊號是否超過取樣視窗（Sample Window）的緣故。換言之，如
果視窗的時距（Window Time）能夠小心地選擇，以致有足夠的數據
能夠使用，那麼頻譜分析儀能夠做精確的計算。
取樣訊號（Sampled Signal）的最小可能解析度是
Lesson 14 Ultraviolet and Visible Molecular Spectroscopy
• Visible light, considered to be light with wavelengths from 800 nm to 400 nm, acts in the same way as UV light. It is also considered part of the electronic region. For this reason we find commercial spectroscopic instrumentation often operates [ˈɔpəreit] with wavelengths between 800 nm to 200 nm. Spectrometers of this type are called UV / Visible ( or UV / Vis ) spectrometers.
• 然而，即使是最好的分析人员也很难比较两种颜色 的强度，颜色略有不同，当然也有一些人是色盲的， 看不到某些颜色。
• Instruments have been developed to perform the measurements more accurately [ˈækjurətlɪ] and reliably [rɪˈlaɪəblɪ] than the human eye. While the human eye can only detect visible light, this chapter will focus on both the ultraviolet [ˌʌltrəˈvaiəlit] ( UV ) and the visible ( Vis ) portions of the spectrum.
应用化学专业外语14
Lesson 14 Ultraviolet and Visible Molecular Spectroscopy Hands-On Chemistry: Chromatography of leaves [ Reading Material] UV / Vis spectroscopy
《电子信息专业英语》电子教案 第5单元
第14课 万用表的使用
例1：第一个测试电池是一个新的1.5V的碱性电池。不论它是
AAA,AA,还是C或者D级别都有相同的电压。把量程调到2 V直 流电压挡上。 如图14-7所示，我们可以读出：1.588 V，这个电压你可能认 为有错误，因为毕竟它是1.5 V电池，难道测出来的电压不该为 1.5 V吗？其实不然，写在电池上面的1.5 V只是额定电压，或 者所期望从电池得到的平均电压。事实上，碱性电池刚开始电压 稍高，然后慢慢拖降到1.3 V，最后到1.0 V或者更低。
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第14课 万用表的使用
例2：测量一个9 V的碱性电池，如果依然设置2 V DC的量程， 会在显示屏上显示“1”，它表示超出量程,如图14-8所示。
将表的量程固定在20 V DC，再试一次。对于这个新电池，它 的 电 压 为 9.6V 。 记 住 电 池 上 表 示 的 电 压 是 象 征 性 的 ， 标 示 的 “9 V”只是电池的平均电压。事实上，它刚开始电压高达9.5 V，然后掉到9 V，然后慢慢地降到7 V。
这是一块双模式的万用表，但是仍然很容易使用。把表面转到该 标示。当两探针没有接触时，显示屏显示代表开环的“OL”； 而当两探针接触时，对应的声波图标显示在显示器的右上方，同 时还显示一个具体的数字，这个数字不是阻抗，而是电压,如图 14-4所示。
测量PCB
例：这是一个关于PCB板的导通性的测试例子。第一幅图表示 PCB板上没有连通，而第二幅图表示两点导通,如图14-5所示。
第五单元
第14课 万用表的使用 第15课 示波器 第16课 信号发生器
第14课 万用表的使用
怎么检测键盘中的“w”和“e”是否串键？如图14-1所示。 仔细思考发现，检测键盘串键问题等效为用万用表测量PCB
电子类专业英语电子教案第十四课-精选文档
2. 课文翻译讲解
• Fibre-based systems have largely replaced radio transmit systems for long-haul data transmission, and largely used for telephony, Internet traffic, long highspeed local area networks (LANs), cable-TV, and increasingly also used for shorter distances. In most cases, silica fibers are used, except for very short distances, where plastic optical fibres can be advantageous.
翻译：2）光缆可提供高得多的带宽，从而传递更多的数据。举例来说，波长范围 从1.3 μ m至1.6 μ m所对应的带宽是43THz，比普通电缆高出了几个数量级。即 便如此，从理论讲，此带宽的潜力至今仍未被充分利用。 （3）光纤电缆远轻于同轴电缆，这就使得铺设光纤电缆的成本远低于同轴电缆。
•
(4) Fibre optics does not suffer from stray interference, such as ground loops or electromagnetic interference that often occurs with coaxial cabling. • Just for reasons of these advantages, optical data transmission is increasingly used in various areas today, such as for example telephony, Internet traffic, and cable TV, mostly for longer transmission distances of at least a few kilometers. There is, however, a tendency for optical systems to penetrate areas with smaller and smaller transmission distances.
OptiSystem讲解讲课讲稿
主视窗介绍
• Project layout
• Component library
• Project Browser
• Description
28
项目视窗介绍(Project layout)
• Layout –Main layout –Subsystem
• Report • Script
29
主、被动元件面板介绍 (Component library)
56
设计范例介绍
OptiSystem用于EDFA fiber length设计
• 适当的光纤长度得到最大增益
57
Optimization
Open EDFA Fiber Length Optimization.osd
58
Optimization
59
OptiSystem用于EDFA设计
Signal
• Optiwave 成为 MathWorks＇ MATLAB 的合作伙 伴。
2
Optiwave简介
Optiwave公司位于加拿大首都渥太华，主要从事 光通讯模拟软件之研究开发。拥有一系列光通讯 软件：
OptiHS(异质磊晶结构模拟)
OptiBPM(波导元件模拟-BPM)
OptiFDTD(波导元件模拟-FDTD)
• Default
– Transmitters library – Amplifiers library – Optical fibers library – Passives library – Receivers library – WDM multiplexers
library
– Filters library – Visualizer library • Custom • Favorites • Recently used
电子信息工程专业英语教程_第5版 题库
《电子信息工程专业英语教程(第5版)》题库Section A 术语互译 (1)Section B 段落翻译 (5)Section C阅读理解素材 (12)C.1 History of Tablets (12)C.2 A Brief History of satellite communication (13)C.3 Smartphones (14)C.4 Analog, Digital and HDTV (14)C.5 SoC (15)Section A 术语互译Section B 段落翻译Section C阅读理解素材C.1 History of TabletsThe idea of the tablet computer isn't new. Back in 1968, a computer scientist named Alan Kay proposed that with advances in flat-panel display technology, user interfaces, miniaturization of computer components and some experimental work in WiFi technology, you could develop an all-in-one computing device. He developed the idea further, suggesting that such a device would be perfect as an educational tool for schoolchildren. In 1972, he published a paper about the device and called it the Dynabook.The sketches of the Dynabook show a device very similar to the tablet computers we have today, with a couple of exceptions. The Dynabook had both a screen and a keyboard all on the same plane. But Key's vision went even further. He predicted that with the right touch-screen technology, you could do away with the physical keyboard and display a virtual keyboard in any configuration on the screen itself.Key was ahead of his time. It would take nearly four decades before a tablet similar to the one he imagined took the public by storm. But that doesn't mean there were no tablet computers on the market between the Dynabook concept and Apple's famed iPad.One early tablet was the GRiDPad. First produced in 1989, the GRiDPad included a monochromatic capacitance touch screen and a wired stylus. It weighed just under 5 pounds (2.26 kilograms). Compared to today's tablets, the GRiDPad was bulky and heavy, with a short battery life of only three hours. The man behind the GRiDPad was Jeff Hawkins, who later founded Palm.Other pen-based tablet computers followed but none received much support from the public. Apple first entered the tablet battlefield with the Newton, a device that's received equal amounts of love and ridicule over the years. Much of the criticism for the Newton focuses on its handwriting-recognition software.It really wasn't until Steve Jobs revealed the first iPad to an eager crowd that tablet computers became a viable consumer product. Today, companies like Apple, Google, Microsoft and HP are trying to predict consumer needs while designing the next generation of tablet devices.C.2 A Brief History of satellite communicationIn an article in Wireless World in 1945, Arthur C. Clarke proposed the idea of placing satellites in geostationary orbit around Earth such that three equally spaced satellites could provide worldwide coverage. However, it was not until 1957 that the Soviet Union launched the first satellite Sputnik 1, which was followed in early 1958 by the U.S. Army’s Explorer 1. Both Sputnik and Explorer transmitted telemetry information.The first communications satellite, the Signal Communicating Orbit Repeater Experiment (SCORE), was launched in 1958 by the U.S. Air Force. SCORE was a delayed-repeater satellite, which received signals from Earth at 150 MHz and stored them on tape for later retransmission. A further experimental communication satellite, Echo 1, was launched on August 12, 1960 and placed into inclined orbit at about 1500 km above Earth. Echo 1 was an aluminized plastic balloon with a diameter of 30 m and a weight of 75.3 kg. Echo 1 successfully demonstrated the first two-way voice communications by satellite.On October 4, 1960, the U.S. Department of Defense launched Courier into an elliptical orbit between 956 and 1240 km, with a period of 107 min. Although Courier lasted only 17 days, it was used for real-time voice, data, and facsimile transmission. The satellite also had five tape recorders onboard; four were used for delayed repetition of digital information, and the other for delayed repetition of analog messages.Direct-repeated satellite transmission began with the launch of Telstar I on July 10, 1962. Telstar I was an 87-cm, 80-kg sphere placed in low-Earth orbit between 960 and 6140 km, with an orbital period of 158 min. Telstar I was the first satellite to be able to transmit and receive simultaneously and was used for experimental telephone, image, and television transmission. However, on February 21, 1963, Telstar I suffered damage caused by the newly discovered Van Allen belts.Telstar II was made more radiation resistant and was launched on May 7, 1963. Telstar II was a straight repeater with a 6.5-GHz uplink and a 4.1-GHz downlink. The satellite power amplifier used a specially developed 2-W traveling wave tube. Along with its other capabilities, the broadband amplifier was able to relay color TV transmissions. The first successful trans-Atlantic transmission of video was accomplished with Telstar II , which also incorporated radiation measurements and experiments that exposed semiconductor components to space radiation.The first satellites placed in geostationary orbit were the synchronous communication (SYNCOM ) satellites launched by NASA in 1963. SYNCOM I failed on injection into orbit. However, SYNCOM II was successfully launched on July 26, 1964 and provided telephone, teletype, and facsimile transmission. SYNCOM III was launched on August 19, 1964 and transmitted TV pictures from the Tokyo Olympics. The International Telecommunications by Satellite (INTELSAT) consortium was founded in July 1964 with the charter to design, construct, establish, and maintain the operation of a global commercial communications system on a nondiscriminatory basis. The INTELSAT network started with the launch on April 6, 1965, of INTELSAT I, also called Early Bird. On June 28, 1965, INTELSAT I began providing 240 commercial international telephone channels as well as TV transmission between the United States and Europe.In 1979, INMARSAT established a third global system. In 1995, the INMARSAT name was changed to the International Mobile Satellite Organization to reflect the fact that the organization had evolved to become the only provider of global mobile satellite communications at sea, in the air, and on the land.Early telecommunication satellites were mainly used for long-distance continental and intercontinental broadband, narrowband, and TV transmission. With the advent of broadband optical fiber transmission, satellite services shifted focus to TV distribution, and to point-to-multipoint and very small aperture terminal (VSAT) applications. Satellite transmission is currently undergoing further significant growth with the introduction of mobile satellite systems for personal communications and fixed satellite systems for broadband data transmission.C.3 SmartphonesThink of a daily task, any daily task, and it's likely there's a specialized, pocket-sized device designed to help you accomplish it. You can get a separate, tiny and powerful machine to make phone calls, keep your calendar and address book, entertain you, play your music, give directions, take pictures, check your e-mail, and do countless other things. But how many pockets do you have? Handheld devices become as clunky as a room-sized supercomputer when you have to carry four of them around with you every day.A smartphone is one device that can take care of all of your handheld computing and communication needs in a single, small package. It's not so much a distinct class of products as it is a different set of standards for cell phones to live up to.Unlike many traditional cell phones, smartphones allow individual users to install, configure and run applications of their choosing. A smartphone offers the ability to conform the device to your particular way of doing things. Most standard cell-phone software offers only limited choices for re-configuration, forcing you to adapt to the way it's set up. On a standard phone, whether or not you like the built-in calendar application, you are stuck with it except for a few minor tweaks. If that phone were a smartphone, you could install any compatible calendar application you like.Here's a list of some of the things smartphones can do:•Send and receive mobile phone calls•Personal Information Management (PIM) including notes, calendar and to-do list•Communication with laptop or desktop computers•Data synchronization with applications like Microsoft Outlook•E-mail•Instant messaging•Applications such as word processing programs or video games•Play audio and video files in some standard formatsC.4 Analog, Digital and HDTVFor years, watching TV has involved analog signals and cathode ray tube (CRT) sets. The signal is made of continually varying radio waves that the TV translates into a picture and sound. An analog signal can reach a person's TV over the air, through a cable or via satellite. Digital signals, like the ones from DVD players, are converted to analog when played on traditional TVs.This system has worked pretty well for a long time, but it has some limitations:•Conventional CRT sets display around 480 visible lines of pixels. Broadcasters have been sending signals that work well with this resolution for years, and they can't fit enough resolution to fill a huge television into the analog signal.•Analog pictures are interlaced - a CRT's electron gun paints only half the lines for each pass down the screen. On some TVs, interlacing makes the picture flicker.•Converting video to analog format lowers its quality.United States broadcasting is currently changing to digital television (DTV). A digital signal transmits the information for video and sound as ones and zeros instead of as a wave. For over-the-air broadcasting, DTV will generally use the UHF portion of the radio spectrum with a 6 MHz bandwidth, just like analog TV signals do.DTV has several advantages:•The picture, even when displayed on a small TV, is better quality.• A digital signal can support a higher resolution, so the picture will still look good when shown on a larger TV screen.•The video can be progressive rather than interlaced - the screen shows the entire picture for every frame instead of every other line of pixels.•TV stations can broadcast several signals using the same bandwidth. This is called multicasting.•If broadcasters choose to, they can include interactive content or additional information with the DTV signal.•It can support high-definition (HDTV) broadcasts.DTV also has one really big disadvantage: Analog TVs can't decode and display digital signals. When analog broadcasting ends, you'll only be able to watch TV on your trusty old set if you have cable or satellite service transmitting analog signals or if you have a set-top digital converter.C.5 SoCThe semiconductor industry has continued to make impressive improvements in the achievable density of very large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits. In order to keep pace with the levels of integration available, design engineers have developed new methodologies and techniques to manage the increased complexity inherent in these large chips. One such emerging methodology is system-on-chip (SoC) design, wherein predesigned and pre-verified blocks often called intellectual property (IP) blocks, IP cores, or virtual components are obtained from internal sources, or third parties, and combined on a single chip.These reusable IP cores may include embedded processors, memory blocks, interface blocks, analog blocks, and components that handle application specific processing functions. Corresponding software components are also provided in a reusable form and may include real-time operating systems and kernels, library functions, and device drivers.Large productivity gains can be achieved using this SoC/IP approach. In fact, rather than implementing each of these components separately, the role of the SoC designer is to integrate them onto a chip to implement complex functions in a relatively short amount of time.The integration process involves connecting the IP blocks to the communication network, implementing design-for-test (DFT) techniques and using methodologies to verify and validate the overall system-level design. Even larger productivity gains are possible if the system is architected as a platform in such as way that derivative designs can be generated quickly.In the past, the concept of SoC simply implied higher and higher levels of integration. That is, it was viewed as migrating a multichip system-on-board (SoB) to a single chip containing digital logic, memory, analog/mixed signal, and RF blocks. The primary drivers for this direction were the reduction of power, smaller form factor, and lower overall cost. It is important to recognize that integrating more and more functionality on a chip has always existed as a trend by virtue of Moore’s Law, which predicts that the number of transistors on a chip will double every 18-24 months. The challenge is to increase designer productivity to keep pace with Moore’s Law. Therefore, today’s notion of SoC is defined in terms of overall productivity gains through reusable design and integration of components.。
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6
The applications and function of Spectrum Analyzer
• Spectrum analysis is essentially the examination of amplitude vs. frequency of a given signal source, antenna, or signal distribution system.
• 频谱分析
– hertz
• n.【电】赫，赫兹(频率单位，周/秒简作Hz.)
– predetection
• 预检波；检波前的
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Lesson14SpectrumAnalyzers电子技
3
Backgrounds
• Ter&D • =Research and Development 研究与开发
• Filter bank real-time analyzers • Fast Fourier Transform analyzers
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What is a Spectrum Analyzer?
• Spectrum analysis is a quick method to observe and measure signal levels and signal distortions.
• The display gives the user a visual representation of the magnitude of the Fourier transform of the input signals.
a Spectrum Analyzer
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Lesson14SpectrumAnalyzers电子技
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Many forces are impacting the uses and needs for signal analyzers(1)
• The great proliferation of high-speed digital computers has created the need for wide frequency range diagnostic instruments.
– These tools allow the designers to scan quickly for possible problems that may violate regulatory requirements such as those from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).
– In the manufacturing area, the speed of measurements combined with the ability to access these data through computers has allowed very complex measurements to be made quickly, accurately, and repeatable.
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Lesson14SpectrumAnalyzers电子技
2
Backgrounds
• Terminology
– FCC
• Federal Communications Commission 联邦通信委员会
– radio frequency
• 射频
– spectrum analysis
– The signal analyzer has been a laboratory instrument of great value. The quick ability to view wide spectrum widths and then quickly zoom in to closely examine signals of interest has been highly valued by the R&D engineer.
– CATV • =Community Antenna TV (system)共用天线电视 (系统)；【计】电缆电视，有线电视
– TRF • =Tuned Radio Frequency 调谐射频
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Text tour
• Outline
Lesson14SpectrumAnalyzers 电子技术专业英语教程
Lesson 14 Spectrum Analyzers
• Backgrounds • Text tour • Language in use
– Vocabulary – Structure – Reading/writing techniques
– What is a Spectrum Analyzer? – The applications and function of Spectrum
Analyzer – Many forces are impacting the uses and needs for
signal analyzers – Time versus frequency domain – Basic Spectrum Analyzer Operation – Swept Superheterodyne Spectrum Analyzer
• This analysis can yield important information about the signals such as stability, distortion, amplitude, and types and quality of modulation.
• The modern spectrum analyzer has found many complex uses ranging from the R&D lab to manufacturing and field service.