阅读理解题型分析

阅读理解试题的常用命题形式

熟悉命题形式和常用句型有助于正确审题，提高答题速度。因为各种题型的命题方式虽然不同，但是题干和选择项有其规律可寻，明确题目要求，就能够有选择地运用不同的技巧解答涉及各类题材和体裁的试题。

1 情境型

1）查找细节题：

查找细节的命题形式随内容不同千变万化。虽然问题涉及的内容变化无穷，但是所提问题都具体明确。该类试题出题方式具有以下特点：

（1）根据文章的某一部分或某一句的内容设题；

（2）以who，what，when，where，which，why，how等词引出疑问句，询问细节。常见的命题方式有：

（1）According to the passage，why．．．？

（2）From the passage we know ．

（3）In which of the following chapters can you get information about．．．？

（4）Which chapter is likely to contain the most information about．．．？

（5）From the article，we know that at the beginning the writer regarded．．．as ．（6）The author mentions that．．．

（7）Which of the following is mentioned as an example of．．．？

（8）The author says．．．because．．．

2）计算数字题

这种题型测试能否根据有关信息进行计算，从而检验对文章的真正理解。常见的命题方式有：（1）How long did．．．take？

（2）How much did．．．cost？

（3）How long did．．．spend on．．．？

（4）How much did．．．spend on．．．？

（5）How many（workers stayed away from work during the labor crisis）？

（6）The value of（cash and goods stolen）amounted ．

（7）According to the passage，most heat-resistant structural metals and alloys can stand heat up

to ．

（8）The author's estimate of（population）is that at present ．

2 语义型

1）解释词义

词汇与篇章犹如砖瓦与大厦，它是阅读理解成为可能的先决条件。阅读理解中词义题的设计，与词汇部分试题的测试目的不完全相同。阅读理解中的词义题着重测试特殊语境中词汇的转义，或句中的关键词（可能是超纲词）。阅读时应根据上下文判断词义。常见的命题方式有：（1）What is the meaning of“．．．”in the line X？

（2）The word“．．．”in Line X is close to．

（3）By“．．．”，the author refers to．

（4）The word“．．．”in paragraph X can be best replaced by ．

（5）In the last paragraph，the term“．．．”most probably means．

（6）The word“．．．”means most nearly the same as．

（7）The expression“．．．”（in Line X）refers to．

（8）The word“．．．”（in Line X）suggests that．

（9）The author uses the word“．．．”（in Line X，Para．X）to mean ．．．．

（10）The word ／phrase“．．．”（in Line X，Para．X）in this contest means．

2）解释句义

解释句义是考查对句子的理解程度，它通过试题中对句子的不同解释揭示出关键词组，短语或关键句型的含义。常见的命题方式有：

（1）The sentence“．．．”means that．

（2）What．．．said means．

（3）In this section，what is meant by ．．．？

（4）By the sentence“．．．”（Lines 2-3），the writer means ．

（5）Interpret the underlined phrase，clause or sentence．

（6）The sentence“．．．”（Lines 6-8）probably implies．

3 是非型

该类题解答时难度不大，只要能够迅速查到有关信息，读懂原文或关键句，便可以确定答案。

常见的命题形式有：

1）Which of the following statements is correct ／true according to the passage？

2）According to the passage，which of the following statements is not true ／correct？

3）Which of the following is not implied in the passage？

4）Which of the following aspects is not mentioned in the passage？

5）Which of the following statements about ．．．can be found in the passage？

6）The author would disapprove of the following actions EXCEPT ．

7）In Paragraph X（the passage）the author doesn't mention ．

8）Which of the following is not included in the passage？

4 推理型

推理型问题的答案不直接出现在文章中，常通过有关信息暗示或暗指，所提的问题可以针对某一个句子或某段文字，也可以针对全文。常见的命题方式有：

1）What is implied but not stated by the author is ．

2）We can infer ／conclude from the passage that ．

3）Which of the following was the immediate cause of the ？

4）Which of the following is not required of eligible（适合的）for．．．？

5）Which of the following statements would the author most likely disagree with？

6）In the passage the author's attitudetoward．．．is．

7）The author argues that ．

8）The author's purpose of writing this passage is to ．

9）The passage recommends ．

10）The passage suggests that ．

11）What can be inferred from this passage？

12）It can be inferred from the passage that the author would disapprove of ．

13）What is implied but NOT STATED by the author is that ．

14）Which of the following is most directly suggested by the passage？

15）Which of the following can only be inferred from the passage？

16）From the first paragraph，we can infer that ．