《中西文化对比》第一章 第一讲: 翻译概述 英文版

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Translation Criteria or Principle
• Tytler’s translation criteria • Yanfu’s translation criteria • Others translation criteria
Tytler’s • Essay on the Principles of Translation, 1791 • A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work; • The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original; • A translation should have all the ease of the original composition.
Yanfu’s • Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance •ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้“Faithfulness” means the full and complete conveying of the original content of thought; • • “Expressiveness” demands that the version should be clear and flowing without any grammatical mistakes or confused logic and sense; • “Elegance” refers to the use of classical Chinese before the Han Dynasty.
The definition in the old days
• “译即易,谓换易言语使相解也。”——贾 公彦(618-907) 唐朝 • “夫翻译者,谓翻梵天之语转成汉地之言。 音虽似别,义则大同。”——法云(9601279) 宋代 • The British scholar Dr. Samuel Johnson once said: “To translate is to change into another language, remaining the sense.”
Others’ translation principles (1)
Basic Knowledge of Translation Theory
• • • • • • Translation Translation criteria or principle Prerequisites of a translator Translation strategies Literal translation and liberal translation Terms
The current definition
• The replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL) ----------------Prof. Huang Long Translatology




In summary Translation is the information transferring between two languages and the cultural communication between two language families. Translation is a rendering from one language into another. Translation is a science, an art, a bilingual art, a craft, a skill, an operation and communication. Translation is a representation or recreation in one language of what is written or said in another language. Translation is a kind of science because it was a whole set of rules governing it and certain objective laws to go by in the process of translating.
The current definition(1)
• Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalence of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. ---------Nida • A good translation is one which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language as to be as distinctly apprehended and as strongly felt by a native of the country to which that language belongs as it is by those who speak the language of the original work.---------Tytler
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