英语定语从句考点全面解析

第二部分考点透析

1. 定语从句顾名思义就是起修饰限定作用的句子, 故又称形容词性从句。

同其它从句相比较，其引导词本身在从句中充当一定的成分，这是学习定语从句的一个关键点, 例如：当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词，宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。

2. 关系词：that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why

2.1关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。2.1.1 who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中做主语和宾语。whom在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略, 并在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。

例如：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? （who/that在从句中做主语）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

Mr Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

2.1.2 whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如：

We all helped the student whose father is a teacher.

Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.

2.1.3 which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可做主语、宾语等, 做宾语时常可省略。

例如：

Football is a game which/that is liked by most boys.

The factory which / that makes computers is far away from here.

This is the pen ( which/that ) he bought yesterday.

The season that / which comes after spring is summer.

2.2 关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点或理由。相当于“介词+ which”结构。此处的介词一般应是能同先行词搭配的介词。

2.1.1关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which” 结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。例如：

I still remember the day when (on which) I went to school for the first time.

Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.

Is this the reason why（for which）he did not go to school ?

2.3 特殊引导词：先行词和关系词二合一

1.1 Whoever= anyone who

Whoever smokes in public will be punished here.

1.2 What = all that / the thing which

The parents will use what they have to send their son to college.

What you want has been sent here.

1.3 Whatever = anything that

You can take whatever you like.

Whatever you say will be examined.

2.3 关系词的省略

在下列情况下，关系代词或关系副词在非正式文体中可以省略。

2.3.1 关系代词that, which, who, whom在定语从句中做宾语时，常可省略。

Are these keys (that /which) you are looking for?

The man (who/that) I was sitting next to on the plane talked all the time.

2.3.2 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。

I don't like the way (that/ in which) she walks.

The way (that/in which) he answered the questions was surprising.

2.3.3在The time、every time、each time、the moment, the time when, the place where, the reason why结构中，when, where, why可省略。

I shall never forget the day (when) we first met.

That's the place (where) he stayed when he was in the country.

By the time (when) he was fourteen years old, Einstein had learnt advanced mathematics all by himself.

The reason (why) he did that is quite clear.

2.4 that 和what 在做关系词时的用法区别

当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。例如：

I think（that）you will like the stamps.

What we need is more practice.