中美商业文化的不同 Business culture- China vs US

Subtlety and Explicitness (continued)
• Courtesy (righteousness, ethics and honor)-virtues • Saving face • Do not say “no” easily • Hint to get help • Self-control makes people appear “shy”
Cultural Foundation of American Ethics
• Foundation based on Judeo-Christian and Western socio-theological principles • intrinsic underlying truth • a sovereign moral authority--God • God declines “right or wrong” • Natural law -- “inalienable rights” • life, liberty and pursuit of happiness • Equality implies no prior claims against the rights
Comparison of Business Culture: China vs US
• Business culture - time-tested and conventional practices • China and US have a different business culture -- result of different history and practices
Importance of Relationship
• China • 4 important social groups: relatives, schoolmates, personal friends, and the indirect relationship from the 3 • Importance of “guanxi” (connection) • US • constitutions guarantee the rights • a short history to inherit traditions • stress on individualism for personal achievement
Relationship (continued)
• Agricultural state (small community mentality) • privacy is not highly valued • individualism is not singled out • “rule of man” over “rule of law” • Relatively few norms • melting pot • Increased tolerance on diversity • separate personal and business relationship • friendship can be formed and dissolved quickly
American ethics (continued)
• Limits on individual freedom are either (1) voluntary (2) lawfully imposed • Results -- individualism and contract • Individual’s right to choice is consistent with market economy • The functioning of a free market economy can be described as “nexus of contracts” • A business contract - spells out details of relationships and is enforced by law if violated
Hale Waihona Puke Subtlety and Explicitness
China • Build on subtlety • Language based on abstraction of ideas • Reduce confrontation • Outspoken --not norm (read the tea leaves-observe body, words, tone) • US • Frank and open
Business culture- China vs US
Presentation Outline
• Foundation of US ethics- basic discussion • Comparison of Business culture-China vs US • Strategies and Managerial Implications
Notion of Harmony
China • Everything is in harmony • Change is viewed as disruptive • Reason -- too many people US • Efficiency and effectiveness • End result • logical reasoning on facts • change to get desired results
Communication Style
China • Silence for reflection • Not to exaggerate (implications on marketing a product) US • uncomfortable with gaps of silence • Some American feel ok to exaggerate • fluency and gift of gab--admirable