被动语态翻译资料
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students. • 常给同学门看新的电子装置。
• 2) For a long time aluminium has been thought as an effective material for preventing metal corrosion.
• 长期以来，铝被当作一种有效防止金属腐蚀的材料。 • 3. 为更好地连接上下文。例如：
• 汉英对比，英语的被动句显然多于汉 语，其原因比较简单：英语有表示主 语和谓语动词之间处于“被动关系” （即受事者 + 行为）而不是“主动关 系”（即施事者 + 行为）的形式程序， 那就是：主语+be (.各式形态变化) + 动词的过去分词式。在英语中，这种 形态表示程序非常稳定，非常明确， 可以使被动语态形成一个界定十分清 楚的语法范畴：
• As oil is found deep in the ground its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface.
Consequently, a geological survey of the
underground rock structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a “drilling rig” is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called “a derrick”.
英语和汉语都有被动语态，但 两种文字对被动语态的运用却不尽 相同。同一个意思，英语习惯用被 动语态表达，汉语却往往要用主动 语态。例如We are kept strong and well by clean air. 如译成“我 们被清洁的空气保持得健壮”显然 不符合汉语习惯，应译成“空气清 洁能促使我们身体健壮。”
• 英语被动语态的翻译
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
Translation of Passive Voice
• As we know, the passive voice is more commonly used in English than in Chinese, especially in the writing of science and technology. In the sentence in which the doers are not necessarily told or not known, the passive voice is used. and sometimes for the sake of the connection of the context, there occurs the passive voice.
• It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in. If oil is struck a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves (John Swales: Writing Scientific English) .
• Peter was robbed to pay Paul.
• 如果说话者要指出施事者来，英语的表达方式也很简单， 就是在谓语结构后面加一个由by引导的短语：
• Peter was robbed by him to pay Paul.
• 他偷了彼得的钱去还保尔的债。（“剜肉补疮”）
• 汉语是一种在形式上呈弱势的语言。我们固然有“被”字 可用来表示被动语态，但在更多的情况下，我们并不执着 于主语与谓语之间究竟有什么关系，因而一律用主动形式。
• Marked difference exists between Chinese and English with regard to the use of the passive voice construction. The passive voice is much used in English but on a limited scale in Chinese. When you translate sentences of passive voice , you shouldn’t translate the original mechanically. Sometimes, many passive sentences in English have to be turned into active ones in Chinese. So it is important to know some techniques in translation of the passive sentences. The following are some points for attention in doing this kind of translation.
• Vulcanized rubber was a perfect insulating material; on the railway it was used for shock-absorbers and cushions.
• 硫化橡胶是一种很好的绝缘材料，在铁路上可用来做减震 器和减震垫。
英语中，尤其是科技英语中, 凡是不说 出动作执行者（施事者），或无从说出动作 执行者或者为了连贯上下文，使前后分句的 主语保持一致，为了使叙述的重点突出，语 意连贯，语气流畅，常用被动语态。在科技 文章中，着力所写的是事物、物质或过程， 而不是动作的执行者。
• 1. 被动语态有强调受事者，使其位置鲜明、突出。例如： • 1)The happy man cannot be harried. • 吉人自有天相。（注意汉语用主动） • 2)In an adversary spots are soon seen. • 对手的缺点最易发现。（注意汉语主动） • 2. 当不必要说出主动者或无法说出主动者时。例如： • 1) New electronic devices are often shown to the
• 2) For a long time aluminium has been thought as an effective material for preventing metal corrosion.
• 长期以来，铝被当作一种有效防止金属腐蚀的材料。 • 3. 为更好地连接上下文。例如：
• 汉英对比，英语的被动句显然多于汉 语，其原因比较简单：英语有表示主 语和谓语动词之间处于“被动关系” （即受事者 + 行为）而不是“主动关 系”（即施事者 + 行为）的形式程序， 那就是：主语+be (.各式形态变化) + 动词的过去分词式。在英语中，这种 形态表示程序非常稳定，非常明确， 可以使被动语态形成一个界定十分清 楚的语法范畴：
• As oil is found deep in the ground its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface.
Consequently, a geological survey of the
underground rock structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a “drilling rig” is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called “a derrick”.
英语和汉语都有被动语态，但 两种文字对被动语态的运用却不尽 相同。同一个意思，英语习惯用被 动语态表达，汉语却往往要用主动 语态。例如We are kept strong and well by clean air. 如译成“我 们被清洁的空气保持得健壮”显然 不符合汉语习惯，应译成“空气清 洁能促使我们身体健壮。”
• 英语被动语态的翻译
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
Translation of Passive Voice
• As we know, the passive voice is more commonly used in English than in Chinese, especially in the writing of science and technology. In the sentence in which the doers are not necessarily told or not known, the passive voice is used. and sometimes for the sake of the connection of the context, there occurs the passive voice.
• It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in. If oil is struck a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves (John Swales: Writing Scientific English) .
• Peter was robbed to pay Paul.
• 如果说话者要指出施事者来，英语的表达方式也很简单， 就是在谓语结构后面加一个由by引导的短语：
• Peter was robbed by him to pay Paul.
• 他偷了彼得的钱去还保尔的债。（“剜肉补疮”）
• 汉语是一种在形式上呈弱势的语言。我们固然有“被”字 可用来表示被动语态，但在更多的情况下，我们并不执着 于主语与谓语之间究竟有什么关系，因而一律用主动形式。
• Marked difference exists between Chinese and English with regard to the use of the passive voice construction. The passive voice is much used in English but on a limited scale in Chinese. When you translate sentences of passive voice , you shouldn’t translate the original mechanically. Sometimes, many passive sentences in English have to be turned into active ones in Chinese. So it is important to know some techniques in translation of the passive sentences. The following are some points for attention in doing this kind of translation.
• Vulcanized rubber was a perfect insulating material; on the railway it was used for shock-absorbers and cushions.
• 硫化橡胶是一种很好的绝缘材料，在铁路上可用来做减震 器和减震垫。
英语中，尤其是科技英语中, 凡是不说 出动作执行者（施事者），或无从说出动作 执行者或者为了连贯上下文，使前后分句的 主语保持一致，为了使叙述的重点突出，语 意连贯，语气流畅，常用被动语态。在科技 文章中，着力所写的是事物、物质或过程， 而不是动作的执行者。
• 1. 被动语态有强调受事者，使其位置鲜明、突出。例如： • 1)The happy man cannot be harried. • 吉人自有天相。（注意汉语用主动） • 2)In an adversary spots are soon seen. • 对手的缺点最易发现。（注意汉语主动） • 2. 当不必要说出主动者或无法说出主动者时。例如： • 1) New electronic devices are often shown to the