美国矿区土地复垦dl
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
We have selected 10 photos that show mining and reclamation across the country. This updated presentation
illustrates several steps in the mining and reclamation process.
• 在这个过程中复垦研究投入也功不可没，例如 2005年美国内政部用于土地复垦研究示范的资金 1.4亿美元，形成了较为成熟的复垦模式。
• 由于国情不同，矿区土地复垦利用模式有所不同， 各有特色。
• 我国规模性的土地复垦始于上世纪80年代初， 1988年《土地复垦规定》颁布1989年实施是土 地复垦走上法制化阶段的标志，至今30年来我国 土地复垦研究与实践发展迅速，但仍与先进国家 有较大差距，目前复垦率14%，仍然较低，复垦 质量较差，土地复垦任务还相当繁重。
Reclaiming the highwall
Reclamation at this mine is well underway. Overburden has been graded to completely cover the highwall and topsoil has been spread on the surface. This reclamation follows closely behind the mining operation and is completed in sections as the mining progresses around the hillside.
Chuck Meyers, Office of Surface Mining.
Modern surface mine
This large Texas mine is extracting lignite coal. The dragline at the far end of the pit is removing the overburden to expose the coal. The overburden is cast across the pit to the right side of the photo where reclamation will begin.
• 例如在辽宁省，“十五”期间各类型矿山复垦面 积达到1880.67hm2（2.82万亩，年均0.56万亩）， 虽然成绩显著，但这还不及目前辽宁省采煤年破 坏土地面积的1/2。
• 我国人多地少，耕地后备资源不足，经济社会的 快速发展对矿产资源需求迅速增加，土地和生态 环境将面临更大压力。
• 矿区废弃地的复垦利用具有显著的经济、生态和 社会等多方面效益。矿山开发带来的土地生态环 境问题日益引起公众的关注，政府相关部门和矿 山企业越来越重视矿区土地复垦工作。
•
好的事情马上就会到来，一切都是最 好的安 排。上 午4时36分32秒 上午4时36分04:36:3220.10.19
•
一马当先，全员举绩，梅开二度，业 绩保底 。20.10.1920.10.1904:3604:36:3204:36:32Oc t-20
•
牢记安全之责，善谋安全之策，力务 安全之 实。2020年10月19日 星期一4时36分 32秒M onday, October 19, 2020
Reclaimed mine problems
This pastorale West Virginia scene is a reclaimed abandoned mine. Using money paid by active mining operators, reclamation at this site eliminated 6,000 linear feet of highwall, and sealed four mine openings.
Hydro-seeding
Hydro-seeding is frequently used to reestablish vegetation on reclaimed land. The blue-green liquid that is being sprayed on the topsoil contains grass seed, fertilizer, and a binding material that will hold the soil and prevent erosion until the plants be come established.
Overburden
The overburden that is removed to expose the coal seam is a mixture of broken rock. If left exposed, rain water will erode the fine particles and cause sedimentation of streams and rivers. Reclamation begins by regrading the overburden to the approximate original contour of the land before mining.
国内外土地复垦
• 美国1977年实施了《露天采矿管理与复垦法》 SMCRA，1977，并建立了专门复垦管理机构， 直属内政部管理。
• 实行采矿许可证和复垦保证金制度，之后的新采 矿山废弃地要求全部恢复，对法案实施前的老矿 区由政府逐年预算拨款复垦。
• 其技术与管理模式值得深入研究和借鉴。
• 世界各国都十分重视矿区生产建设破坏土地的复 垦，美国、俄罗斯、加拿大、捷克等国土地复垦 率都在50%以上，特别是美国早在20世纪70年代 复垦率就已达78%以上。
美国矿区土地复垦
Land Reclamation In Opencast Mining Area
魏忠义 教授，博士生导师
Email: drweizy@163.com
沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院
2011-04 Dalian
工矿区土地复垦概念
• Land reclamation/土地恢复/土地复垦；生态恢复； 环境恢复。
•
相信相信得力量。20.10.192020年10月 19日星 期一4时36分32秒20.10.19
谢谢大家！
An exposed highwall
The coal has been removed from the flat foreground area at this Eastern Kentucky surface mine. This is a contour mine that follows the seam of coal around the hillside. The Surface Mining Law requires mine operators to reclaim the mine site and completely cover the highwall.
•
树立质量法制观念、提高全员质量意 识。20.10.1920.10.19Monday, October 19, 2020
•
人生得意须尽欢，莫使金樽空对月。04:36:3204:36:3204:3610/19/2020 4:36:32 AM
•
安全象只弓，不拉它就松，要想保安 全，常 把弓弦 绷。20.10.1904:36:3204:36Oc t-2019- Oct-20
Reclaimed farm land
This scene, typical of the Southern Indiana country side was recently an active mine site. Immediately after mining, the land was returned to active farming and today it is difficult to distinguish from the surrounding unmined areas.
• 国家经济发展和可持续发展战略给矿区土地复垦 带来新的历史机遇，目前我国土地复垦正面临一 个新的发展阶段。
Mining and reclamation slide show presentation
----------------------------------------------------------------------
•
加强交通建设管理，确保工程建设质 量。04:36:3204:36:3204:36M onday, October 19, 2020
•
安全在于心细，事故出在麻痹。20.10.1920.10.1904:36:3204:36:32October 19, 2020
wenku.baidu.com
•
踏实肯干，努力奋斗。2020年10月19日上午4时36分 20.10.1920.10.19
•
追求至善凭技术开拓市场，凭管理增 创效益 ，凭服 务树立 形象。2020年10月19日星期 一上午4时36分 32秒04:36:3220.10.19
•
严格把控质量关，让生产更加有保障 。2020年10月 上午4时 36分20.10.1904:36Oc tober 19, 2020
•
作业标准记得牢，驾轻就熟除烦恼。2020年10月19日星期 一4时36分32秒 04:36:3219 October 2020
Reclaimed mine land
The land owner at this reclaimed mine site has planted an apple orchard. Mining operations are only a temporary use of the land. When properly reclaimed mine sites are suitable for all the uses they were before mining occurred.
Abandoned mine problem
This mine opening, or entry portal, in Eastern Pennsylvania was abandoned in the early 1900's. Today a large quantity of acid mine drainage flows from the open portal polluting rivers many miles down stream.
• 土地复垦条例定义：是指对生产建设活动和自然灾 害损毁的土地，采取整治措施，使其达到可供利用 状态的活动。[土地复垦是指对在生产建设过程中因挖损、塌陷、
压占、污染等造成破坏的土地或因自然灾造成破坏的土地，采取恢 复整治措施，使其达到可供利用状态或恢复生态环境的活动。]
• 工矿区土地与环境破坏情况较为复杂和特殊，往往 涉及土地、生态、环境等多方面的综合恢复目标。
Reclaimed mine opening
This is a reclaimed abandoned mine entry portal in West Virginia. Rock was pushed in and around the opening and the entire area covered with topsoil and grass planted. The pipe installed under the fill ensures that water collecting in the mine does not build up behind the rock closure and wash it out.
illustrates several steps in the mining and reclamation process.
• 在这个过程中复垦研究投入也功不可没，例如 2005年美国内政部用于土地复垦研究示范的资金 1.4亿美元，形成了较为成熟的复垦模式。
• 由于国情不同，矿区土地复垦利用模式有所不同， 各有特色。
• 我国规模性的土地复垦始于上世纪80年代初， 1988年《土地复垦规定》颁布1989年实施是土 地复垦走上法制化阶段的标志，至今30年来我国 土地复垦研究与实践发展迅速，但仍与先进国家 有较大差距，目前复垦率14%，仍然较低，复垦 质量较差，土地复垦任务还相当繁重。
Reclaiming the highwall
Reclamation at this mine is well underway. Overburden has been graded to completely cover the highwall and topsoil has been spread on the surface. This reclamation follows closely behind the mining operation and is completed in sections as the mining progresses around the hillside.
Chuck Meyers, Office of Surface Mining.
Modern surface mine
This large Texas mine is extracting lignite coal. The dragline at the far end of the pit is removing the overburden to expose the coal. The overburden is cast across the pit to the right side of the photo where reclamation will begin.
• 例如在辽宁省，“十五”期间各类型矿山复垦面 积达到1880.67hm2（2.82万亩，年均0.56万亩）， 虽然成绩显著，但这还不及目前辽宁省采煤年破 坏土地面积的1/2。
• 我国人多地少，耕地后备资源不足，经济社会的 快速发展对矿产资源需求迅速增加，土地和生态 环境将面临更大压力。
• 矿区废弃地的复垦利用具有显著的经济、生态和 社会等多方面效益。矿山开发带来的土地生态环 境问题日益引起公众的关注，政府相关部门和矿 山企业越来越重视矿区土地复垦工作。
•
好的事情马上就会到来，一切都是最 好的安 排。上 午4时36分32秒 上午4时36分04:36:3220.10.19
•
一马当先，全员举绩，梅开二度，业 绩保底 。20.10.1920.10.1904:3604:36:3204:36:32Oc t-20
•
牢记安全之责，善谋安全之策，力务 安全之 实。2020年10月19日 星期一4时36分 32秒M onday, October 19, 2020
Reclaimed mine problems
This pastorale West Virginia scene is a reclaimed abandoned mine. Using money paid by active mining operators, reclamation at this site eliminated 6,000 linear feet of highwall, and sealed four mine openings.
Hydro-seeding
Hydro-seeding is frequently used to reestablish vegetation on reclaimed land. The blue-green liquid that is being sprayed on the topsoil contains grass seed, fertilizer, and a binding material that will hold the soil and prevent erosion until the plants be come established.
Overburden
The overburden that is removed to expose the coal seam is a mixture of broken rock. If left exposed, rain water will erode the fine particles and cause sedimentation of streams and rivers. Reclamation begins by regrading the overburden to the approximate original contour of the land before mining.
国内外土地复垦
• 美国1977年实施了《露天采矿管理与复垦法》 SMCRA，1977，并建立了专门复垦管理机构， 直属内政部管理。
• 实行采矿许可证和复垦保证金制度，之后的新采 矿山废弃地要求全部恢复，对法案实施前的老矿 区由政府逐年预算拨款复垦。
• 其技术与管理模式值得深入研究和借鉴。
• 世界各国都十分重视矿区生产建设破坏土地的复 垦，美国、俄罗斯、加拿大、捷克等国土地复垦 率都在50%以上，特别是美国早在20世纪70年代 复垦率就已达78%以上。
美国矿区土地复垦
Land Reclamation In Opencast Mining Area
魏忠义 教授，博士生导师
Email: drweizy@163.com
沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院
2011-04 Dalian
工矿区土地复垦概念
• Land reclamation/土地恢复/土地复垦；生态恢复； 环境恢复。
•
相信相信得力量。20.10.192020年10月 19日星 期一4时36分32秒20.10.19
谢谢大家！
An exposed highwall
The coal has been removed from the flat foreground area at this Eastern Kentucky surface mine. This is a contour mine that follows the seam of coal around the hillside. The Surface Mining Law requires mine operators to reclaim the mine site and completely cover the highwall.
•
树立质量法制观念、提高全员质量意 识。20.10.1920.10.19Monday, October 19, 2020
•
人生得意须尽欢，莫使金樽空对月。04:36:3204:36:3204:3610/19/2020 4:36:32 AM
•
安全象只弓，不拉它就松，要想保安 全，常 把弓弦 绷。20.10.1904:36:3204:36Oc t-2019- Oct-20
Reclaimed farm land
This scene, typical of the Southern Indiana country side was recently an active mine site. Immediately after mining, the land was returned to active farming and today it is difficult to distinguish from the surrounding unmined areas.
• 国家经济发展和可持续发展战略给矿区土地复垦 带来新的历史机遇，目前我国土地复垦正面临一 个新的发展阶段。
Mining and reclamation slide show presentation
----------------------------------------------------------------------
•
加强交通建设管理，确保工程建设质 量。04:36:3204:36:3204:36M onday, October 19, 2020
•
安全在于心细，事故出在麻痹。20.10.1920.10.1904:36:3204:36:32October 19, 2020
wenku.baidu.com
•
踏实肯干，努力奋斗。2020年10月19日上午4时36分 20.10.1920.10.19
•
追求至善凭技术开拓市场，凭管理增 创效益 ，凭服 务树立 形象。2020年10月19日星期 一上午4时36分 32秒04:36:3220.10.19
•
严格把控质量关，让生产更加有保障 。2020年10月 上午4时 36分20.10.1904:36Oc tober 19, 2020
•
作业标准记得牢，驾轻就熟除烦恼。2020年10月19日星期 一4时36分32秒 04:36:3219 October 2020
Reclaimed mine land
The land owner at this reclaimed mine site has planted an apple orchard. Mining operations are only a temporary use of the land. When properly reclaimed mine sites are suitable for all the uses they were before mining occurred.
Abandoned mine problem
This mine opening, or entry portal, in Eastern Pennsylvania was abandoned in the early 1900's. Today a large quantity of acid mine drainage flows from the open portal polluting rivers many miles down stream.
• 土地复垦条例定义：是指对生产建设活动和自然灾 害损毁的土地，采取整治措施，使其达到可供利用 状态的活动。[土地复垦是指对在生产建设过程中因挖损、塌陷、
压占、污染等造成破坏的土地或因自然灾造成破坏的土地，采取恢 复整治措施，使其达到可供利用状态或恢复生态环境的活动。]
• 工矿区土地与环境破坏情况较为复杂和特殊，往往 涉及土地、生态、环境等多方面的综合恢复目标。
Reclaimed mine opening
This is a reclaimed abandoned mine entry portal in West Virginia. Rock was pushed in and around the opening and the entire area covered with topsoil and grass planted. The pipe installed under the fill ensures that water collecting in the mine does not build up behind the rock closure and wash it out.