现在完成时讲解和练习(有答案)
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现在完成时讲解和练习
1. 现在完成时的构成: have\has+过去分词(过去分词的构成有规则变化和不规则变化)
2. 现在完成时的四个基本句型
肯定句He has finished the work.
一般疑问句Has he finished the work? 回答Yes ,he has. No, he hasn’t.
否定句He has not finished the work.
特殊疑问句What has he done?
3.现在完成时的用法:
A．表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。例如：
The car has arrived. 车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口）
Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）
B. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。例如： My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。
Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。
How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了？
4. 在下列情形下用现在完成时
(1)九词语
①already已经肯定句中或句尾
e.g.: I have already found my pen.
= I have found my pen already.
②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾
e.g.：I have not finished the work yet.
Have you bought a computer yet?
③ever曾经句中
e.g.：Have you ever seen pandas?
④never从不句中
e.g.：I have never been to Beijing. ⑤just刚刚句中
e.g.：I have just done my work.
⑥before以前句尾
e.g.：I have never been there before.
⑦so far到目前为止
e.g.：So far he has learnt 200 words.
⑧how long多久
e.g.：How long have you lived here?
⑨how many times多少次
e.g.：How many times has he been to Beijing?
(3)三词组
1.have
e.g.：He has gone to Beijing (去了北京)
2.have
e.g.：He has been to Beijing. (去过北京)
3.have
e.g.: Mr. Brown has been in Beijing for three days. 布朗先生来北京已经有三天了
4.如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。
e.g.：Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？
5.现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型
They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。
This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。
It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。
6.在现在完成时中，瞬间动词不能和一段时间状语连用
e.g.：He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）
因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种：
①He has bought the book.. (去掉一段时间for 3 years)
②He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)
③It’s 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book.
（改为固定句型It is ---since---）
④He has not bought the book for 3 years.（改为否定句）
⑤He has had the book for 3 years. （用延续性动词have代替buy）
7. 还有其他瞬间动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下：
①come/arrive/get to/reach → be here
e.g：I have come here for 3 years.（错）改为：I have been here for 3 years.
②leave/go →be away
e.g.：He has left for 3 hours.（错）改为：He has been away for 3 hours.
③begin/start →be on
e.g.：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错）改为：The film has been on for 3 minutes.
④open →be open / close → be closed
e.g.：The shop has opened for 3 years.(错) 改为：The shop has been open for 3 years.
⑤die →be dead
e.g.：His father has died for 3 years.(错) 改为：His father has been dead for 3 years.
⑥finish/end→ be over
例：He has finished the work for 3 days.(错) 改为：The work has been over for 3 days ⑦join例：I have joined the army for 3 years.（错）
改为：I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years.
⑧buy /catch → have
e.g.：I have bought the bike for 3 years.（错）改为：I have had the bike for 3 years.
He has caught a cold for 3 days.（错）改为：He has had a cold for 3 days.
⑨borrow → keep
e.g：I have borrowed the book for 3 years. （错）改为：I have kept the book for 3 years.
还有其它的归纳如下：
leave --- be away borrow --- keep buy --- have die --- be dead begin/start --- be on finis h --- be over fall ill ---be ill get up---be up catch a cold --- have a cold put on-- wear come/b ecome/go --- be here fall asleep --- be asleep get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in) get to know --- kn ow join----be a member of ... (成为…的一员) open ---be open close ---be close break → be broken \ get up → be up marry → be married \ become → be \ lose → be lost \
8.现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别
1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
I saw this film yesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday 。）
I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
2一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：…
ago, last week/... In 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday ... Then(那
时),that day, one day, once(从前)