高考英语阅读理解技巧之猜测词意课堂

混乱 不同意
天生的
无辜的
2.同义、近义、反义关系
同义词替换的表达方法可以为我 们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。一 些常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有 or, like, similar等。
反义词利用文章中所出现的、与某 生词或词组意思相反的内容，猜测词 义。信号词中有instead, but,not等
◎In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil .
◎If you agree, write “ yes ”; if you dissent , write “no ”.
◎Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate .
◎Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft.
listening to the movements of a
person ' s lung and his heartbeats.
听诊器
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Ex. 1 carpenter,zoologist,herdsman,night shift
◎A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter .
What difficulty do you have in reading?
If you come across the new
words when reading,
? What will you do
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How
to guess the meanings of words
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Байду номын сангаас
Ways to Guess the Words 一. Explanation （解释）
考试说明中关于阅读理解的要求
本部分共分两节，测试考生的英语阅读理解能 力。要求考生读懂书、报、杂志、网络中关于一 般性话题的文字材料以及公告、说明、广告等 （生词量不超过3％），并能从中获取相关信息。 考生应能：
１、理解主旨要义； ２、理解文中具体信息； ３、根据上下文推断生词的词义； ４、作出简单判断和理解； ５、理解文章的基本结构； ６、理解作者的意图和态度。
二. Context （上下文）
三. Word-formation （字形） 四. Examples （例子） 五. Common sense （常识）
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一、Explanation
利用文章中用不同的话对同一概念的解释，猜 测词义。信号词：be, be called, means, be defined as ，that is ,等等，标点符号有：——等
eg： American businessmen expect employees to be punctual . They do not expect that the workers will come late.
有节制的, 节约的
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能体现对比关系的词汇很多， 主要有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead,on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast with 等。标点符号分号 有时也可表示对比。
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Ex. 2 turmoil,dissent,innate,innocent
eg： It will be very hard but also very
brittle --- that is, it will break easily.
易碎的，脆弱的
eg： Modern medicine began with the
stethoscope , a medical tool used for
◎His uncle is a zoologist , an expert who does research on animals.
◎The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
◎We are on the night shift --- working from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week.
木匠
动物学家
牧人 夜班
二. Context
对比关系 同义、近义、反义关系 因果关系
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1.对比关系 e.g. Though Tom 's face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.
污秽的, 邋遢的 e.g. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however , is very abstemious .
or replaces, the law that was in
effect last year.
取代,接替,撤换
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e.g. Mr Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious .
显然，similarly 是个语境线索，它 暗示loquacious 意为love to talk 。
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e.g. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.
圆胖的, 丰满的
e.g. The new tax law
supersedes ,