动词不定式的基本用法

Aadvise doing sth B. advise sb to do sth allow ______ A. allow doing sth B. allow sb to do sth ______ encourage A. encourage doing sth B. encourage sb to do sth permit ______ A.permit doing sth B. permit sb to do sth
动词不定式的形式
◆ 进行式 （not） to be doing 没有被动式 进行时： 同时发生
他假装在学习。 He pretended to be studying. ______________________________
动词不定式的语法功能
（一）作宾语 The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy _____________.
watch see 五看 look at observe notice
let 三使 make have
+ sb do sth （不带to）
二听
listen to hear
一感觉: feel
但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原： 1. They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree. The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree. 2. Mother made John wash the car for a week. John was made to wash the car for a week.
我没有什么可说的. I have nothing to say . ______________________.
The next train to arrive is from Washington.
（四）作表语
is • My job______to protect the world. • Your task is to _____________ .
系动词 be, seem, appear, get, remain等后 的不定式一般都是表语。 Seeing is believing. =To see is to believe. All you have to do is (to) finish the job .
begin
下列动词后接不定式或动名词作宾语意义__________. 不一致
forget A. forget to do sth 忘记要做 rememb B. forget doing sth 忘记做过 -er go on A. go on doing sth继续做同一件事情 B. go on to do sth接着做另一件事情. mean A. mean doing sth 意味着做某事 B. mean to do sth打算做某事
动词不定式的形式
◆ 一般式 （not/never） to do (not/never) to be done 被动式 _______________ to do:之后发生。 我希望考上清华大学。 _________________________ I hope to be admitted to Tsinghua University.
Step 1: self-learning：
找出课文中的不定式。(page 5)
Answer key for Exercise 1
Infinitive as the subject: 1.It is difficult to know what the future holds. L14 2.To look after my pets properly takes a lot of time. L30
跟to do做宾语的动词： 1)manage尽量, prepare准备, fail失败 尽量准备免失败 2)long,desire渴望，aim,decide, determine,choose 决定, tend往往，易于,arrange安排 渴望决定易安排 3)plan计划, seem，appear好像,refuse拒绝 计划好像又遭拒 4),promise承诺,agree同意afford买得起expect期待 承诺同意买期待 6) demand,ask要求,offer提供,hope希望,care愿意 要求提供望愿意
2. 动词+宾语+不定式(to do) Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 老师建议我们每天大声读英语。 The teacher advised us to read English loudly ______________________________________ every day.
动词不定式的形式
◆ 完成式 （not） to have done (not) to have been done wk.baidu.com动式 ___________________ 完成时：之前发生 很抱歉给你带来这么多的麻烦。 __________________________________ I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
【注意】1. 有些动词既可接不定式，又可接动名词作宾语。这时 候其意义可能是基本一致的，也有可能是不一致的。观察下面的例 句，并加以总结。
下列动词后接不定式或动名词作宾语意义_____________. 基本一致
A. He began talking. B. He began to talk. continue A. They continue smoking. B. They continue to smoke. hate A. Do you hate working on Saturdays? B. Do you hate to work on Saturdays? like A. I like swimming. B. I like to swim. start A.They start singing. B.They start to sing.
stop try
A. stop doing sth停止做 B. stop to do sth停下来做 A.try doing sth 试着做某事 B.try to do sth 努力去做某事
【注意】2. 有些动词可后接动名词作宾语，但接不定式时要加上 sb., 形成v.+ sb. + to do sth. ，此时不定式作宾补。 下列动词可后接doing/ sb. to do sth
概
述
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，在句子 中作主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语 和状语。 1.其形式如下：（主动形式）
一般式 （not/never） to make 完成式 （not/never） to have made 进行式 （not/never） to be making 2.不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成 It is easy for him to finish his jobs.
hope,whish hope to do sth wish (sb) to do sth
______ advise
（二）作补语 1. 动词+宾语+不定式(to be ) 我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。 We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. _________________________________ ★ 常用的动词有 believe, consider, think, feel, find, guess, judge,imagine, see(理解 ), suppose，prove,discover...
Infinitive as the object complement: 7.In many ways my disability has helped me grow stronger psychologically and become more independent. L33
Infinitive as the attribute: 8.I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. L28 9.If I had a chance to say one thing to healthy children, it would be this: having a disability does not mean your life is not satisfying. L35 10.Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do. L37
Infinitive as the adverbial: 11.She is proud to have taken part in competitions and to have broken a record by running two laps (800 metres) this year. P1 12.I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered. L16 13.I am happy to have found many things I can do. L22 14.I have to work hard to live a normal life.L34
不定式充当表语:有“做”无to 类似于介词but, except, besides后的不定式：有 “做”无to。 1. She could do nothing but cry. 2. I have no choice but to go.
（五）作定语 不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名 词或代词之后。如：
Infinitive as the predicative: 3. My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up. L24
Infinitive as the object: 4.Does this disability make it difficult for them to do some things? L1,P1 5.Then I started to get weaker and weaker. L9 6.A big company has decided to buy it from me.L27
（三）作主语
1. 把不定式置于句首。 To get there by bike will take us half an hour. 眼见为实。 To see is to believe. ____________________ 2. it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后。 It's our duty to take good care of the old. 听到你的声音真高兴。 It’s nice to hear your voice. ______________________________