高二下英语动词、动名词

Capsule: some bacteria in the outsourcing of a layer of mucous cell wall material.

Buds: some bacteria under certain environmental conditions, cytoplasmic dehydration enrichment, the bacteria in the body to form a circular or oval corpuscle.

Flagella: bacteria attached on the thin filaments of wave bending. After the flagella staining. Pilus: surface of bacteria with flagella shorter, more fine filaments, hard and straight. Electron microscopy (sem).

Plasmid: is the genetic material, outside the chromosome for the double closed loop of DNA, and control the bacteria of specific genetic traits.

Metachromatic granules: mei LAN dyeing the particle color is deep purple, so the name. Used to identify bacteria.

Bacterial L: some bacteria in some body under the action of outside environment and antibiotics, but some or all of the loss of cell wall, the first by the Lister study found that L therefore calls bacterium. Under suitable conditions, most bacteria L can back into the original type of bacteria. Bacterial growth curve: bacterial growth curve is specifically to single-celled microorganisms. It is a small amount of single-celled microorganisms inoculated purebred to a certain volume of liquid medium, under the condition of appropriate training, regular sampling determination of cell number. Number of logarithmic do ordinate cell growth, in order to cultivate time do abscissa, draw a curve as shown, we call this curve bacterial growth curve.

Pyrogen: pyrogen (heat source), is a kind of bacterium injected human or animal body can cause fever reaction of the material. Generate heat source to bacterium of negative of bacteria are mostly for glen, pyrogen namely the cell walls of lipopolysaccharide.

Endotoxin: is the fat polysaccharide component of gram-negative bacteria cell walls, released only after the bacteria cracking.

Exotoxin: is in the process of the bacteria to grow in the synthesis and secretion to the toxic ingredients bacteria in vitro. Mainly produced by gram-positive bacteria.

Toxoid: exotoxin were treated with 0.4% formaldehyde, can lose its toxicity, retain antigenicity, become toxoid.

Phage: phage are infected with bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, or the floorboard of the helicoid microbes such as viruses, because some can cause cracking of the host, so called bacteriophages. Virulent phage: can replicate in the host cell proliferation, produce many offspring phage, and eventually the phage cracking bacteria.

Lysogenic phages: virus, also known as temperate phage, integration of its genes and chromosomes host, do not produce progeny phages, but can phage DNA with bacterial DNA replication, and extend the split with bacteria.

Temperate phage: phage gene integration with the host bacterium, does not produce progeny phages, but can phage DNA with bacterial DNA replication, and extend the split with bacteria. The state says lysogenic state. The phage said temperate phage

Lysogenic: bacteria have a temperate phage's genetic material, but check out the existence of phage, such bacteria called soluble source sex bacteria.

Prophage: integration of phage genome in the bacterial genome

Transformation: receptor bacteria absorb donor bacteria free DNA fragments, to obtain a new way of genetic traits,

Transduction: temperate phage as the carrier, the genetic material transferred to the donor recipient bacterium, receptor bacteria get new genetic traits way is called transduction.