平动转子式汽车空调压缩机设计

摘要

21世纪，随着全球经济的发展，汽车业得到了蓬勃发展。作为小型汽车使用的空调，由于受到空间尺寸的苛刻限制，以及发动机功率相对较小，因此非常注意压缩机

的效率、外形尺寸以及功耗等的影响。针对传统压缩机存在的一些不足，本设计研究

了一种平动转子式压缩机，该压缩机的最大特点是转子采用平动转动的运转方式，因

此主要运动件之间的相对速度较小，故其摩擦损失很小。本设计主要完成以下方面的

工作：

（1）简单介绍了汽车空调制冷系统的构成和工作原理，阐述了汽车空调压缩机的

发展历程，并对其特殊要求进行了说明，进而重点介绍了现有的滑片式和涡旋式这两

种两种类型压缩机的结构形式与特点。

（2）重点详细介绍了平动转子式压缩机的设计思想，工作原理，并进行总体设计。（3）对平动转子式压缩机的几个重要零件如气缸、转子、转轴、平动滑片、转轴

轴承座和后端盖进行了结构设计，并在工艺和选材上进行了详细的分析。

（4）对平动转子式压缩机的吸排气系统和润滑系统进行了系统的设计和分析。

（5）对平动转子式压缩机进行了热力学方面的分析与计算，并推导了平动转子和

滑片的运动学和动力学公式，同时还对转子进行了动平衡方面的分析。

与传统滑片式压缩机相比，本设计中的压缩机的主要运动副如转子与气缸、转子

与端盖、滑片与缸孔之间的相对运动速度要小很多，因此它具有较少的摩擦和磨损。

同时他还与涡旋压缩机的平动机构有机融合在一起，取其之长，因此等效制冷能力比

现存的压缩机高。而且结构紧凑、外形尺寸小、重量轻，特别适宜小型汽车使用。

在设计过程中运用了AutoCAD，Pro/E及Word，不但把所学的专业知识联系起来，而且还提高了计算机应用能力，拓宽了知识面。

关键词汽车空调；压缩机；平动转子；结构设计

Abstract

The 21st century, along with global economic development, the automobile industry gained vigorous development. Air conditioning which uses in the compact car, due to receive harsh limit from the spatial size, as well as the engine power is relatively small and therefore pays attention to influence from the efficiency of the compressor, the external dimensions as well as the power loss and so on. In view of traditional compressor exist some insufficiencies, this design has studied a fixed-rotor compressor, and the ultimate characteristic of this compressor is the rotor adopts a fixed-rotation mode of operation, the relative speed between the main movements is smaller, and therefore its friction loss is very small following the completion of the design of the main areas of work.

（1）A brief introduction of the automotive air conditioning refrigeration system's constitution and the principle of work, elaborated the development process of automotive air conditioning compressor, and has carried on the explanation to its special request, then focus on introducing structure and characteristics of the existing gleitbretter type and the vortex type compressors.

（2）Focus more on the introduction of a fixed-rotor compressor’s design concept, the principle of work, and overall design.

（3）To the fixed-rotor compressor’s several important components like air cylinder, the rotor, the rotation shaft, the fixed-vane, the rotation shaft bearing seat and the back-end cover has carried out the structural design, and has carried on the detailed analysis in the craft and the selection.

（4）we have carried systemic design and analysis on suction exhaust system and lubrication system of the fixed-rotor compressor.

（5）We have carried on thermodynamic analysis and the calculation to the fixed-rotor compressor, and have inferred the fixed-rotor and vane's kinematic and dynamic formula, meanwhile have carried on the transient equilibrium analysis to the rotor.

Compares with the traditional vane compressor, this design compressor has much smaller relative velocity between the main movements such as the rotor and the cylinder, the rotor and the end cover, the vane and the cylinder hole, therefore it has the few friction and the attrition. Simultaneously, it also integration of vortex compressor's translation machine together, takes its long, the equivalent cooling capacity higher than the existing compressor. Moreover the structure is compact, the external dimensions are small, the weight is light, and so it is especially for small vehicles.

In the design process using AutoCAD, Pro / E and the Word, not only to learn the expertise, but also improve the ability of computer applications and broaden the knowledge.

Key words Automobile air-conditioning compressor translation rotor structural design

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