模型设计说明书

大型沼气池智能管理系统模型设计说明说

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项目名称:沼气池智能管理系统 项目小组： 林城之鹰

小组成员：魏国波、周精文、胡明强 项目指导： 李疆老师

大型沼气池智能管理系统模型设计说明说

目录

一项目背景···························································3页二设计思路···························································3页（一）设计原理·····················································3页

1 沼气池的发酵原理··········································3页

2 必备条件··················································4页

（二）发酵罐示意图·················································5页（三）技术原理·····················································5页

1 动力源—电机··············································6页

2 控制源—PLC··············································6页

3 操作装置—HMI············································6页三项目实施方案······················································7页（一）产气工作流程················································7页

1 正常发酵···················································7页

2 模拟参数···················································8页

（二）电路图模块·················································8页

1 总电路图设计···············································8页

2 电器元件明细表·············································8页

3 安装与接线·················································9页

（三）PLC程序模块···············································10页

1 PLC流程图················································10页

2 PLC程序··················································11页

（四）HMI人机界面的制作与设定··································12页

1 画面制作··················································12页

2 安装0S ···················································14页

3 PLC程序下载··············································14页

（五）模型设计实物图和尺寸大小···································16页

1 模型实物图················································16页

2 尺寸大小···················································17页四项目总结···························································17页（一）优点························································17页（二）经验与挑战··················································17页五附件·······························································18页致谢························································18页六参考文献··························································18页

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大型沼气池智能管理系统模型设计说明说

大型沼气池模型设计说明书

一、项目背景

近年来，我国能源矛盾日益突出，农业污染比例正在扩大，沼气产业实现了农业生产和农民生活用能的循环发展，能有效缓解农村生活用能与环境保护之间的矛盾，是解决我国农村能源问题和建设节约型新农村的有效途径。但随着建设的进一步深入，诸多问题也日夜凸显。第一、部份户主投料后，由于管理的诸多问题加上设计的本身存在的缺性导致长时间不产气或产气量、产气质量不高，点火困难等问题，成为困扰户主对建设沼气项目科学性的质疑！第二、随着养殖行业的不断扩大，给周围的环境带来很大的压力，因此大型沼气池建设将成为主流，因而在管理上不能采用农村的单一管理模式，这样既增加工作量，而且效率不高。第三、科学技术的发展促使我门必然要从智能管理方向发展，减轻工作人员的工作量，提高产气效率。

因此为了进一步完善沼气池的管理建设，改变现行沼气业的发展现状，我们通过对三菱PLC、HMI等系列产品的了解，模拟实际工作环境，用三菱PLC作为控制源，通过连接各检测装置对沼气池的各项指标进行实时监测，并根据监测结果实现沼气自动进行加物料、调温、调PH值、除沼渣等工作，让其达到动态平衡。从而让沼气池的产气达到意想的目的，让它真正成为一种改变户主能源需求同时能提供优质有机肥的产业。进一步优化生活环境，提高全民健康水平，促进养殖业的发展，改变农村传统生活方式，从而增加农户的收入来源，实现全民生活用能高效化、清洁化、智能化。实现低碳环保的能源要求！

二、设计思路

（一）、设计原理

以一个沼气池的检测和控制为例，根据沼气池的发酵原理及必备条件。了解微生物的活动规律，生存条件，以及在每个环节的作用。模拟实际工作环境，能对沼气池的各项指标进行实时监测，并根据监测结果实现沼气池自动进行加物料、排水、调温、调PH值、除沼渣等工作，让其达到动态平衡。意在改变外在条件，让微生物能够生存在一个适宜的环境中，从而实现大量的产沼气！

1、沼气池的发酵原理

是指有机物质在一定的水分、温度和厌氧条件下，通过各类微生物的分解代谢，最终沼气的过程。这个过程有以下三个阶段：

（1）液化阶段：在沼气发酵中首先是发酵性细菌群利用它所分泌的胞外酶，如纤维酶、淀粉酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶等，对有机物进行体外酶解，也就是把禽畜粪便、作物秸杆、豆制品加工后的废水等大分子有机物分解成能溶于水的单糖、氨基酸、甘油和脂肪等小分子化合物这个阶段叫液化阶段。

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