英语翻译十二式

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英语翻译十二式
(一) 同义反译法例子:
1、Only three customers remained in the bar.
酒吧间只有三个顾客还没有走。

(不译:还“留着”或“还呆在那里”)
2、I'll be here for good this time.
这一次我再也不走了。

(不译:“永远在此呆下去”)
3、Please keep the fire burning when I'm out.
我不在家的时候,请别让炉子灭了。

(不译:“我外出时,请让炉子继续烧着”)
4、"Wait, he is serious."
等等,他不是说着玩儿的。

(不译:等等,他是认真的。

)
5、"Now, Clara, be firm with the boy!"
听我说,克拉拉,对这孩子可不能心软。

(不译:……对这孩子要坚定)
(二) 删减解释词例子:
The traveller in the south must often have remarked that peculiar air of refinement, that softness of voice and manner, which seems in many cases to be a particular gift to the quotation and mulatto women.
到南方去的人看见那些黑白混血的女郎,准定会注意到她们十之八九都赋有那种独特的优雅风度、的那种柔和的声调和文静的举止。

(三) 短句拆译例子:
" ...on one sunshiny morning in June , ..."
在六月里的一天早上,天气晴朗,……
(四)译词推陈出新例子:
When he might well have acted with boldness, he found himself filled with doubts, scruples and equivocations, in addition to the ordinary fears of a lower.
原译:当他可以大胆行动的时候,他发现自己除了一个情人所具有的那种普通的害怕之外,心里还充满怀疑、的顾虑和踌躇。

改译:等到他不妨放胆去追求的时候,他却迟疑不定,顾虑重重。

至于一般堕入情网的人那种种常有的提心吊胆的心理,那就更是难免的了。

原词原译改译
when 当……的时候等到……的时候
act with boldness 大胆行动放胆去追求
a lover 一个情人一般堕入情网的人
ordinary fears 普通的害怕种种常有的提心吊胆的心理
in addition to 除了……之外那就更是难免的了
(五) 解释性添词例子:
"George, I'm ashamed of you! George, I couldn't have believed you would have done it! I always knew you to be a rolling stone that gathered no moss; but I never thought you would have taken away what little moss there was for Bagnet and the children to lie upon," said Mrs. Bagnet.
乔治,我真替你害臊﹗乔治,想不到你会干出这种事情来﹗俗话说得好:“滚着的碌碡不长苔,流浪的汉子不攒财。

”我早晓得你就是这么一个流浪汉﹗可真没有想到你连贝格纳特和孩子们靠它过活的那一点点财也骗走,贝格纳特太太说道。

(六) 词无定译例子:
It is quite useless to ask whether Vanderbilt was criminally prosecuted or civilly sued by the Government. Not only was he unmolested, but two years later, he carried on another huge swindle upon the Government under peculiary heinous conditions.
我们根本不必追问政府是否根据刑法或民法对范德比尔特提出起诉。

范德比尔特不仅逍遥法外,而且在两年后又以极其凶狠的手段对政府进行弓一次巨大的诈骗。

(七) 精炼译词例子:
A new dignity crept into his walk.
原译:走路的姿态不知甚么时候开始给人一种庄重的印象。

改译:走起路来,不觉平添了几分尊严。

(八) 删削"When"字例子
1、 When he saw me, he was startled.
他看见我,吓了一大跳,(不译:当他看见我的时候,……)
2、"When your gals takes on and cry, what's the use of cracking on them over the head, and knocking on them round?"
你那些女黑奴哭得那么伤心,你还拿鞭子没头没脑的抽,把她们打得死去活来,那有甚么用呢?(不译:当你那些女黑奴哭得那么伤心的时候,你还拿鞭子……
(九) 感叹词的不同译法例子:
To him there is something divine/ in the sympathetic indulgence she substitute / for the angry disgust/ with which one of his own country women resent his supposed conditon.
要是一个英国女人看到他真像他自己所假定的那么烂醉,/ 她就会对他又恼怒,又厌恶,/ 而挪拉对他却又同情又宽容,/ 他在这中间看出了一点神圣的品质。

(十二) 抽词拆句法例子:
All the way along the line, from the border right up to Peking, as far as the eye could see, the countryside was literally covered up with a green carpet of growing crops, holding a promise of bumper harvests.
从边境到北京,一路上沿铁路线极目纵观,但见农村到处是茁壮的庄稼,彷佛铺上一块绿地毯,这说明丰收在望了。

原文:The girl soon laid the table for dinner.
英语翻译辨误:Lay的不同含义和翻译
译文:那女孩很快就放好了桌子准备吃饭。

辨析:Lay是英语常用词,首要意思相当于汉语的“放”。

但把lay the table译为“放桌子”意思不清,将物体由高处往下安置才称“放”,当然这里也不是“支桌子”或“摆桌子”。

除了“放”之外,lay还有“准备、布置”的意思,其实可以将lay the table看成固定说法,其意思为“在桌子上放好吃饭的餐具(如盘子、刀叉或筷子等,还包括盐、胡椒等调料和冷盘,但不包括主食面包、米饭等,也不包括热菜和汤)”。

所以此句应译为:那女孩很快布置好了吃饭的桌子(或很快放好了餐具)。

如:
She laid the table for five.
她放好了五份餐具。

Tea was laid.
茶点已准备好了。

还要注意,lay有些习惯用法不宜译做“放”,如:lay an ambush设埋伏,lay a mine 埋地雷,lay a coat of paint涂/刷一层漆,lay a ghost驱鬼,lay的a question(正式)提出/提交问题,layarumor辟谣,lay the blame on somebody责备某人,lay one's pen to the pa-per落笔(写),lay one's life以性命打赌(注意:lay down one'slife是“捐躯/牺牲”)。

翻译中的搭配很重要,翻译动词要根据其后的宾语而定。

lay做不及物动词时,后接不同介词可构成许多习语。

英语翻译辨误:Slow不一定表示“慢”
原文:He is a slow student.
译文:他是一个动作很慢的学生。

辨析:slow有“需要很长时间”的意思,由此引申出“困难”等别的含义,如:
He is slow of understanding.他理解力较差。

He is so slow that I have to explain everything several times.他太迟钝,所有的事我都得解释好几遍。

所以原句应译为:他学习比较困难(指理解和反应慢)。

注意下列句子的译法:
1、Be slow to promise but quick to practice.
不要轻易许诺,但一旦许诺要尽快实践。

2、Business was rather slow last month.
上个月生意不太景气。

3、He is slow at speech with women yet.
跟女人说话,他还有点笨嘴拙舌。

有的词典将Slow and steady wins the race译成“慢而稳者胜”。

其实这里slow并非指“慢”,而是强调“不慌张”、“沉着”,所以应译为“沉着稳健者胜”。

翻译时要考虑不同的搭配在汉语中有不同的习惯说法,如:slow season淡季,slow time (与夏季时间相对的)标准时间,a slow starter(拳击中)开始采取守势而后猛攻的选手,The book is rather slow。

这本书很乏味(不精彩)。

顺便提一下,go slow中的slow是副
词,除了表示“慢慢地走”,还可表示“不慌”、“小心”、“怠工”、“偷懒”等意思,例如:
You'd better go slow in reach-ing a conclusion.
你最好不要急于下结论。

反过来,虽然多数情况下“慢”可译为slow(ly),但也有例外,如“慢性病”是chron-ic disease,(学校中的)“慢班”是adjustment class,“慢(邮)件”是regular freight。

常用电器英语对照翻译
Major Appliance
flashlight 手电筒fluorescent lamp 日光灯electric calculator 计算器
tube 真空管electric fan 电风扇dictaphone, dictating machine 录音机
magnetic tape 磁带television 电视机electric iron 电熨斗
electric foot warmer 暖脚器electric shaver 电动剃须刀
electric cooker 电饭锅electric heater 电暖气electric vacuum cleaner 吸尘器
bulb 电灯泡electric oven 电烤箱radio 收音机
microphone 麦克风loud-speaker 扩音机
refrigerator 冰箱air conditioner 空调microwave oven 微波炉
dry cell 干电池tap 电线搭接处
学位证书英文翻译样本
This is to certify that X X X , born in Henan Province on Nov..18. 1970 has studied for 4 years from Sep.1987 to July. 1991 in the department of Polymer Marerial majoring in Polymer Science & Engineering. has completed all the courses prescribed in the Teaching Programme, and has passed all the exams necessary for graduation from Beijing University of Technology. Having fulfilled the requirements stipulated by the Academic Degree Regulations of the People's Republic of China, he/she is awarded the degree of Bachelor of Engineering.
President:
BeijingUniversityofTechnology。

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