第3讲翻译策略与方法

• 1. Birds of a feather flock together • 2. Laugh off one’s head • 3. At sixes and sevens • 4. Neither fish nor fowls
• １．物以类聚，人以群分
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同毛鸟，飞一道
笑掉脑袋 六颠七倒
／非驴非马
• ２．笑掉大牙／捧腹大笑
• ３．七颠八倒／乱七八糟 • • ４．不伦不类／不三不四 • •
既非鱼，又非禽
Part One
Literal Translation Vs. Free Translation
• I. Literal translation/ Free translation • Literal translation: tries to keep the language form, including diction, sentence structure, rhetoric devices etc in the original text on the one hand and makes the translation as smooth as possible on the other. It strives to reproduce both the ideological content and the style of the original works.The translation should be smooth ,natural and acceptable.
直译和意译
• 直译：人们关心的是语言层面的技术处理 问题，即如何在保持原语形式的同时，不 让其意义失真；
• 意译：人们认为语言有不同的文化内涵和 表达形式，当形式成为翻译的障碍时，就 要采取意译
Part Two Foreignizing and Domesticating
• Foreignizing : accept the original and translate in the light of the original culture; the translator’s preference is placed on preserving the language and cultural difference of the source text, we call this kind of approach to translation foreignizing or foreignization. • The advantages of foreignization : be faithful to the original ; enrich the target language; reproduce the foreign culture better.
• Free translation/liberal translation
• Free translation: translate the content, without paying attention to the formal correspondence and the translation should be smooth, natural and acceptable. It aims at conveying the meaning and spirit of the original text and is not constrained by the sentence structure, diction, rhetoric devices, images etc of the source text.
Literal Translation or Free Translation ?
• E.g 1 Smashing a mirror is no way to make an ugly person beautiful, nor is it a way to make social problem evaporate. • 直译：砸镜子不能使丑八怪变漂亮也不能使社会 问题烟消云散． • 意译：砸镜子并不能解决实际问题． • Eg 2 When Mark graduated from high school, he looked at the world through rose-colored glasses.
Domesticating/Domestication
• Domesticating : understand and translate in the light of the target language’s culture. the method or practice of adapting the translation to the norms and values of the target language and culture is called domesticating or domestication.
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纸老虎 趁热打铁 一国两制 半途而废 隔墙有耳 有奶便是娘
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Paper tiger Strike the iron while it is hot One country, two systems Give up half way Walls have ears Whoever suckles him is his mother
异化
• 异化：转达原文意思的时候，使译文的表 达形式和句法结构尽量同原文一致起来， 尽量作到对等． • 优点：保留原文的文化意象，目的是使译 文保持原文的语言风格，向译文读者介绍 源语文化，并丰富译入语及文Fra Baidu bibliotek．
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A wolf in sheep’s clothing Kill two birds with one stone Armed to the teeth An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth All roads lead to Rome Born with a silver spoon in one’s mouth
Literal Translation--Examples
• • • • • • • Cold War Hot line Crocodile tears Honeymoon Black market Chain stores Gentlemen’s agreement • • • • • • • 冷战 热线 鳄鱼的眼泪 蜜月 黑市 连锁店 君子协定
意译
• Once the wife of a parson, always the wife of a parson. • 嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随狗 • One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy. • 一个和尚跳水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没 水吃． • They will be ice-skating in hell the day, when I vote the aid for them. • 要我投票赞成给他们援助，除非太阳从西边出 来．
E.g 4: He had one foot in the grave.
• 直译：他已一只脚踏进坟墓了。 • 意译：他已是风烛残年了。
直译
• 男男女女们都七嘴八舌的说出他们的惦记 和盼念．（暴风骤雨） • With seven mouths and eight tongues, all were talking together. • “你在家时，谁敢来放个屁？” （水浒转） • “When you were at home, who dared to come near and pass his wind?”
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As timid as a hare At a stone’s throw Wet like a drown rat As stupid as goose As stubborn as a mule Seek a hare in a hen’s nest Lead a dog’s life Cry up wine and sell vinegar Talk horse Kill the goose that lays the golden eggs
Lecture 5 Translation Strategies or Procedures
• Part One: Literal Translation Vs. Free/liberal Translation • Part Two: Foreignizing Vs. Domesticating • Part Three: Transliteration
• 马克高中毕业的时候，是带着玫瑰色的眼镜看周围的一切 的． • 马克高中毕业的时候，他把一切都看得非常简单容易
• E.g 3 It is a long road that has no turning
直译：那是一条没有拐弯的长路 没有转弯的小路的确是一条很长的路. 意译:世上没有一条不拐弯的路。 路必有弯，事必有变。
• 原文作者一连用了六个以e打头的词：enticing，engaged，exquisite， elopement，Emily，east来表现毛奇小姐狡黠贫嘴的性格。在译文读 者的认知语境中不存在这一修辞手段，但它所蕴含的作者意图仍应在 译文中很好地示意出来。董秋斯先生应用了编码一解码模式直译，其 译文徒然让读者增加了不少推理努力，让人有点望而 • 生畏，语境效果也不强。张若答先生则在充分认识了这一修辞功能后， 运用了融合法(将“e 字母的意义和修辞功能融合于词组“招人爱”， “回报我的爱”之中)，增补法(添加“谈情说爱”，“你亲我爱”词 组来表现“e”字母的修辞功能)和替换法(以“爱”字替换“E”字母译 出Emily和east)使译文读者的认知语境与原文作者交际意图形成最佳 关联，既没有耗费不必要的推理努力又能获得足够的语境效果，是难 得的妙译。可能有人提出将。lives in the east”译作“家住爱仁里”是 误译。但毛奇小姐是在开玩笑时为了压头韵而这么说的，并非确指在 东方。故从 • 作者的交际意图来说，“家住爱仁里”并不是误译，译作“家住东方” 反而是误译。
归化
• 归化：人类文化具有共同的范畴，因此，两种语 言在表达上出现意象相同的内容，有的意象不同， 意思基本一致，翻译时用译入语的文化意象来取 代原文里的文化意象，或译入语现有的词汇来翻 译． • 特点：归化翻译采取民族中心主义的态度，使外 语文本符合译入语言的文化价值，把原作者带入 译入文化． • Venuti, Lawrence. 1995. The translator’s Invisibility. London: Routeldge.
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胆小如鼠 一箭之遥 湿如落汤鸡 蠢得象猪 缘木求鱼 过着牛马一样的生活 挂羊头买狗肉 吹牛 杀鸡取卵
An Example
• I love my love with an E, because she is enticing; I hate my love with an E, because she is engaged. I took her to the sign of the exquisite, and treated her with an elopement. Her name is Emily, and she lives in the east. (from David Copperfield by Charles Dickens) • 译文1：（董秋斯） 我爱我的爱人为了一个“E”, 因为她是Enticing (迷人的)；我恨我的爱 人为了一个” E”, 因为她是 Engaged ( 订了婚的 ) ；我用我的爱人象征 Exquisite ( 美妙 ) ，我劝我的爱人从事 Elopement ( 私奔 ) ，她的名字是 Emily (爱弥丽)，她的住处在East (东方)。 • 译文2 （张谷若）： 我爱我的爱人，因为她实在长得招人爱；我恨我的爱人，因为她不回 报我的爱。我带着她到挂着浮荡子招牌的一家，和她谈情说爱。我请 她看一出潜逃私奔，为的是和她能长久你亲我爱。她的名字叫爱弥丽， 她住在爱仁里。