高考英语大二轮复习专题写作部分专题二考点通关第4讲议论文练习

第4讲►议论文

议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。论点、论据和论证是不可缺少的三要素。考生在给出的材料和话题的基础上自由发挥，对所给材料进行判断、论述和发表个人观点。这种体裁有利于体现学生个性发展和思维的灵活性，符合新课程的理念。绝大部分议论文基本上宜用“三段式”的写法，具体来讲就是：

第一段：开头——引论。用以引出一个令人关注的话题(topic)，阐明观点或看法。

第二段：主体——本论。全文的主要部分，对提出的问题进行分析、推论，运用材料对观点进行论述，使论点得到足够的支持。

第三段：结尾——结论。对主体部分内容进行概括，明确论点所要解决、论证的问题。有时则是提出建议或给出解决问题的方法或策略。

议论文的写作较之于其他体裁的文章相对有规律可循，文章的开头具有一定的共性，行文中段落的过渡和观点之间的转化也有相似之处。因此使用规律性的语句不但可以显得条理清楚，而且可以提高文章档次。

1．段首常用语

(1)We have had a discussion about whether an entrance fee should be charged by parks.

(2)We have had a survey on whether students should be allowed to take mobile phones to school.

(3)Different people hold different opinions/views.

(4)People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards/to ...

(5)People take different views on this question.

(6)People have different opinions on this problem.

2．段落过渡常用语

(1)Others have different opinions.

(2)Sixty percent of the students are for the idea, while forty percent of them are against the idea.

(3)Sixty percent of the students think it necessary to ..., but forty percent of them don't think so.

(4)However, ... of them hold a different view/ ... of them hold the opposite opinion.

(5)People who are against it don't think so.

(6)However, every coin has two sides.

3．段尾常用语

(1)As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ...

(2)In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ...

(3)Only in this way can ... in the future.

4．议论文格式模板

模板(1)：观点对比型

There is a widespread concern over the issue that ________ (作文题目). But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.

The majority of people think that ________ (观点一). In their views there are two factors contributing to this attitude. In the first place, ________ (原因一). Furthermore/In the second place, ________ (原因二). So it goes without saying that ________ (观点一)．

The other people, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. They hold the idea that ________ (观点二). In their point of view, on the one hand, ________ (原因一). On the other hand, ________ (原因二). Therefore, there is no doubt that ________ (观点二)．

As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that ________________ (观点一或观点二). It is not only because __________， but also because __________. The more __________， the more __________.

模板(2)：说明利弊型

Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First, ____________ (A的优点之一). Besides, ____________ (A的优点之二)．

But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ________________ (A的第一个缺点). To make matters worse, ________________ (A的第二个缺点)．

Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ________ (我的看法). From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it seriously and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only in this way ____________ (对前景的预测)．

模板(3)：观点陈述型