西方思想经典

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Renaissance Ideas
❖ Humanism ❖ Individualism ❖ Secularism
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Humanism
❖ Humanism is a group of rational thoughts which focuses on human and human nature, including the value, dignity and talents of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers individual thought and evidence (rationalism, empiricism), over established doctrine or faith.
❖ The purpose of humanism is to liberate human beings from the bondage of religion through thቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ advocation of equality among human, the affirmation of this life, and the assertion of people’s right to persure property and happiness.
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Contents
❖ Renaissance Ideas ❖ Birth Place ❖ Humanists and Artists in Italian Renaissance ❖ Renaissance in Other European Countries ❖ Geographic Discovery
❖ In politics, feudalism is replaced by centralized power, nations of modern concept was formed.
❖ In economic field, this period witnessed the gradual establishment of capitalism, and the fast development of business and industry.
❖ The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned the period roughly from the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the Late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe.
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❖ In religious area, the unification of the Catholic church was broken: the absolute power of religion no longer exists; priests lost control over people’s mind; and even in countries of Catholicism believers, secular power overweighed the church.
❖ In the domain of ideology, theology gave way to science, scholasticism was challenged by humanism.
❖ In social sphere, the newly-emerging townspeople and bourgeois became rising class, which led to elevation of people’s social status through individual struggle and success.
Renaissance
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❖ The word Renaissance means “rebirth”. The idea of rebirth originated in the belief that Europeans had rediscovered the superiority of Greek and Roman culture after many centuries of what they considered intellectual and cultural decline.
❖ It is perhaps best known for its artistic developments.
❖ Though availability of paper and the invention of metal movable type sped the dissemination of ideas from the later 15th century, the changes of the Renaissance were not uniformly experienced across Europe.
❖ Historians often argue this intellectual transformation was a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era.
❖ As a cultural movement, it encompassed innovative flowering of Latin and vernacular literatures, beginning with the 14th-century resurgence of learning based on classical sources. Humanist subjects consisted of the main body of education, the praise of human, human nature, and human life turned into the key note of literature.