英语非谓语形式之过去分词精讲

注意：
过去分词作状语有时可保留连词，构成“连词+过去分词” 结构，即: while (when, once, as, though, unless, if 等连词)+过去分词
例句：
(1) Once seen, it can never be forgotten. (2) Unless invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (3) When first introduced to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
(2) I was very surprised to see little Jimmy run so fast in the game.
(3) The shop has remained shut for a week.
(4) I turned around for my bag but it was gone.
others. 2. I would prefer all the difficulties in the books marked. 3. I felt a great weight taken off my mind. 4. When he woke up, he found everything changed.
现在分词 过去分词
the falling leaves 正在落下的叶子
the fallen leaves 已落到地上的叶子
the rising sun 正在升起的太阳
the risen sun 已经升起的太阳
boiling water 正在沸腾的水
boiled water 已经烧开的水
结论：
现在分词作定语,表示动作 __________, _______意义; 过去分词作定语,表示动作 在谓语之前已_______,或具 有________意义。
例句：
请划出下列例句中的作定语的过去分词（短语）： 1. They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 2. Near the window, there is a bookshelf filled with many books. 3. He donated some of his used books to the poor children. 4. The lost time can never be found again. 5. The story written by a middle school student is very popular in schools.
4. 作让步状语：多置于句首。 e.g. 1) Defeated by the young player for the second time, he didn’t lose
heart.
5. 作方式或伴随状语：可置于句首、句中或句尾。 e.g. 1) The hunter walked slowly in the forest, followed by his dog. Followed by his dog, the hunter walked slowly in the forest. The hunter, followed by his dog, walked slowly in the forest.
请将下列短语中的过去分词作定语改写成定语从句：
a closed door
a broken window a polluted river
a lighted candle
a used stampຫໍສະໝຸດ a drunken man
﹡ ﹡ The differences between V-ing and V-ed
hard work. (带有自己的状语) 4. Not treated in time, the injured woman died soon. (否定词 not 放在V-ed前面)
过去分词作定语
单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰的中心词之前；过去分词 短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰的中心词之后，其作用相当于一个定语从 句。及物动词（vt）的过去分词形式表示被动、完成意义；不及物动词 （vi）的过去分词形式不表示被动，仅表示完成意义。
过去分词作补语
作宾语补足语的过去分词多来自及物动词（vt），说明宾语的状态、 性质或宾语正在承受的某个动作，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，它前面 的宾语是其所表示的动作的承受者。不及物动词（vi）的过去分词作 补足语只表示完成意义。
当句子改成被动句时，宾语补足语相应地变成主语补足语。
例如： 1. If you want to make yourself respected, you are above all to respect
2. The first textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came
out in the 16th century.
A. having written
B. to be written
C. written
D. being written
时只能用have，不能用get。)
活学精练
1. Linda worked for the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company,
______ as 3M.
A. knowing B. to be known
C. being known D. known
2. 作原因状语：多置于句首，偶尔置于句尾或句中。 e.g. 1) Seriously injured, he had to be taken to hospital.
2) Bitten by the snake in the bush, Susan was sent back to the camp.
注意：
过去分词及其短语修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody, those 等不定代词/指示代词时， 要放在这些词的后面作后置定语。
例句：
(1) He is one of those invited. (2) Is there anything unsolved? (3) He wanted to interview someone related to the matter.
英语过去分词
Past Participle
英语的非谓语形式
英语的非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的 动词形式，主要分为：动词不定式、V-ing形式和V-ed形式三大类。它们没 有人称和数的变化，但可能有时态和语态形式的变化，并且还可以有自己 的宾语、状语、逻辑主语等。
不定式 动名词 分词（现在/过去）
过去分词的例句分析
1. Everything considered, his plan seems better. (带有自己的主语) 2. Given enough care, the children can cooperate better. (带有自己的宾语) 3. Greatly encouraged, we made up our minds to carry on the
3. 作条件状语：多置于句首。 e.g. 1) United, we stand; divided, we fall.
2) Seen in the distance, the village looks more beautiful. 3) Given more time and money, we would have done the work better.
主语 √ √
宾语 √ √
表语 √ √ √
同位语 √ √
定语 √ √ √
补语 √
√
状语 √
√
过去分词
V-ed形式保留了动词的许多特征，在句子中 可以有自己的状语和逻辑主语，带双宾语的及 物动词的-ed形式还可以有自己的宾语。过去分 词具有副词、形容词的特征，在句中可以做定 语、状语、表语和补语。其否定式是在其前面 加 not。
过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语，用于说明主语的性质、状态、感受等。作表语的过去分 词基本已经形容词化。
常见的具有形容词性质的过去分词形式：
gone tired surprised
broken interested excited
例句：
lost pleased worried
(1) All of us were moved to tears at the sorrowful story.
3. The picture _______ long time ago is hard for us to understand today.
A. having been drawn B. drawn
C. was drawn
D. being drawn
Thank You
过去分词作表语与动词被动语态的区别
过去分词作表语，强调主语的状态、性质、感受等；而动词的被动语态则 强调动作，即某件事情被做。
例句： 请分析下列句子中的过去分词，判断其在句中的作用：
(1) The glass is broken. (2) The glass is broken by the naughty boy. (2) The work has been completed by us just in time. (3) She is very disappointed at what her son has done. (4) The poor rabbit was obviously frightened by the big dog.
注意：
在have和get两个动词之后，可以用V-ed形式作宾语补足语，表示 特殊的含义。 have/get sth. done 让某事被做
例如：
1. I’m going to have/get all the letters mailed. (自己寄或找人寄) 2. Where do you normally have your hair done? (找人理发) 3. I need to get the washing machine fixed. (找人修理) 4. I had my bike broken on half way home. (遭受某种不愉快或不幸，此
过去分词作状语
过去分词形式作状语时，可表示时间、原因、条件、让 步、方式或伴随，相当于与之对应的状语从句或并列句。 此时其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。
过去分词作状语
1. 作时间状语：可置于句首或句末，有时还可置于主语和谓语之间。 e.g. Asked about his family, he made no answer. He, asked about his family, made no answer. He made no answer, asked about his family.
某些过去分词作状语表示状态，常见的比如:
lost / absorbed in dressed in tired of worried about based on located in
例句：
(1) Dressed in a new suit, he looked very handsome. (2) Tired of all the quarrels, she kept silent the whole afternoon. (3) Based on the facts you told me, I can now figure out what is actually going on. (4) Lost in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.