二语习得中介语

interlanguage Stage 0 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 ……
(4) Independent
Native language Target language
interlanguage
(Hammerly, 1975)
(5) Variable: differences in context (linguistic context, psychological context and microsocial context) result in different patterns of language.
Interlanguage Variability
Variability in interlanguage
Non-systematic variability
Systematic variability
Perfornmance variability
Free variability
Individual variability
IV. Methods for studying interlanguage
• • • • (1) Observation (2) Experiment (3) Comparison (4) Analysis
Problems Existing in Research Method
Lightbown(1984): (1) Less related materials (2) Single situation, single method (3) Improper way of collecting data Wan jianqin(2000): (4) Less quantitative study (5) Lack of clear theoretical framework
References
[1] Ellis, R. 1997. Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [2] Gass, S. and Selinker, L. 2008. Second Language Acquisition. New York: Routledge. [3] Larsen-Freeman, D. and Long. H.M. 1991. An Introduction to Second Language Acquisition Research. London: Longman Group Limited. [4] Saville-Troike, M. 2005. Introducing Second Language Acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [5] Selinker, L. 1972. Interlanguage. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 10,209-231.
I. Definition
Interlanguage refers to the separateness of a second language learner system, a system that has a structurally intermediate status between native and target language. (Selinker,1972)
III. Characteristics of interlanguage
(1) Permeable (2) Systematic (3) Dynamic (4) Independent (5) Variable (6) Fossilized
(1) Permeable: any rule in interlanguage system changes as the learning process progresses.
(2) Scholars who conduct research on English as a foreign language in China In1980s: introduction and evaluation, Hu zhuanglin(1984), Gui shichun(1985) In1990s: overall introduction and study based on the current teaching situation in China, Yan lianrui(1996), Dai manchun (1998)
Interlanguage
Contents
• • • • • • I. Definition II. Related Research III. Characteristics of Interlanguage IV. Methods of studying Interlanguage V. Conclusion VI. References
(4) In recent years Grady (2003): general nativism（先天论） Pienemann ( 2003): the multidimensional model （多元发展模式）, processibility theory（可加工行理论）
2. Research in China
[6] 林立. 2007. 第二语言习得：理论与实践 [M]. 北京：高等教育出版社. [7] 刘颂浩. 2007. 第二语言习得导论-对外汉 语教学视角[M]. 北京：世界图书出版公司. [8] 杨连瑞等著. 2007. 二语习得与中国外语教学 [M]. 上海：上海外语教育出版社. [9] 杨连瑞. 2010. 二语习得多学科研究[M]. 青岛： 中国海洋大学出版社.
fossilization
types
Individual fossilization and group fossilization
Permanent fossilization and temporary fossilization
Five Processes leading to fossilization
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
(3) In 1990s Selinker (1992): Rediscovering Interlanguage Gabriel Kasper (1993): Interlanguage Pragmatics Yip (1995): Interlanguage and Learnability, Chinese-English Interlanguage
(1) Language transfer (2) Transfer of training (3) Strategies of second language learning (4) Strategies of second language communication (5) Overgeneralization (Selinker, 1972)
(2) In 1980s Corder (1981): Error Analysis and Interlanguage Ioup and Weinberge (1987): Interlanguage Phonology Tarone (1988): Variation in Interlanguage
II. Related Research
1. Foreign Research (1) In 1970s
Selinker (1969) : Language Transfer, interlanguage (1972): Interlanguage, fossilization Nemser (1971): approximative system（接近系统） Corder (1971): idiosyncratic dialect（特异方言） language learner’ language(语言学习者的语 Adjemian(1976): characteristics of interlanguage
Contextual variability
(Based on Ellis, 1985)
Situational context
Linguistic context
(6) Fossilized
Fossilization is a term researchers in SLA use to refer to a stage of second language development when it stops.
V. Conclusion
Interlanguage theory has been raised for over twenty years, but its domestic research is still in low progress and there is no systematic research results. Compared with the abroad, domestic research field is quite narrow. Therefore, interlanguage research should be strengthened to guide our foreign language teaching.
(1) Scholars who conduct research on Chinese as a foreign language Lu jijian (1984): The Interlanguage Theory and Chinese Pronunciation Error Analysis of Foreign Learners Lv bisong (1993): meaning and strategies Wang jianqin (1994): foreign research on interlanguage
(2) Systematic: interlanguage is governed by rules which constitute the learner’s internal grammar systematically.
(3) Dynamic
A
Mother tongue
B
Target language