水产饲料中鱼粉替代解决方案----Trond Storebakken

Plant protein concentrates can replace high-quality fish meal A: P-MIX
2
1.0
• 饲料蛋白中95％源自植物浓
0.780 0.788
0.0
2
2
缩蛋白，5％源自南极磷虾 粉，未使用任何鱼粉
0.0
0.799
• C-mix, 双低菜籽粕浓缩蛋白
预混物
2
0.832
0.832 0.850
2 2
0.817
0.850
• P-mix, 豌豆浓缩蛋白预混物 • S-mix, 大豆浓缩蛋白预混物
2
1.0 B: C-MIX
0.0
1.0 C: S-MIX
FCR
饵料系数等高线图
Zhang et al., 2012, Aquaculture 360-361, 25-36.
2
Why salmon and trout as our example? 本报告内容皆以三文鱼和虹鳟为例，原因如下：
• Most important (in volume and value) fish farmed in Europe 养殖规模及产值在
欧洲居首
• Mature industry – strong governmental regulations on health, food safety,
Storebakken et al., manuscript
8
Does salmon feed require fish meal? Growth of the salmon 生长表现—增重率
Storebakken et al., manuscript
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Plant protein concentrates in diets for rainbow trout 虹鳟鱼的零鱼粉饲料实验
performance 两个品种数十年来一直开展遗传选育，其生产性能不断提升
• The two of us have worked most with these two species 我们实验室的传统研究
品种
3
Salmonid diets and nutrition 鲑鳟鱼类饲料及营养
• • • • •
Ingredient kg-1 DM，‰ Fish meal, g 鱼粉 Krill meal, g 磷虾粉 Soy protein concentrate, g 大豆浓缩蛋白 Pea protein concentrate, g 豌豆浓缩蛋白 Potato protein concentrate, g 土豆浓缩蛋白
Wheat, g Starch, g Methionine, g Lysine, g Taurine+Premix+MCP
562 0
0 55
50 0
0 0
0
0 0
167 42.0 0 0 4.0
195
195 195
85 13.8 4.6 2.2 19.0
193
193 193
85 20.0 4.5 2.2 19.0
鱼粉用量<10%，通常是高品质的LT鱼 粉和FAQ鱼粉混合使用 Plant protein concentrates 植物浓缩蛋白 Mix of fish oil and rapeseed oil 鱼油和菜籽油混合使用
−
− − − −
• Great challenges to have
sufficient formulation space!
in the diets
• 鲑鳟鱼对葡萄糖不耐受且对淀粉的消化差，饲料中的淀粉含量通常< 10%
4
Composition of salmon grow-out diets 三文鱼成鱼料的大致营养水平
• Chemical composition, range (kg
DM)-1
− − − − − − − −
The Technics of Fish Meal Replacement in Aqua-feed in Europe 水产饲料中鱼粉替代解决方案---以北欧为例
Trond Storebakken Yuexing Zhang(张月星)
挪威生命科学大学
1
European fish farming, most important species: 欧洲大宗水产养殖品种
10
Composition of plant protein mixtures used in an experiment with rainbow trout 复合蛋白源配方 P-MIX C-MIX S-MIX Ingredients, g kg-1 Pea protein concentrate 491 豌豆浓缩蛋白 Potato protein concentrate 491 490 土豆浓缩蛋白 Canola protein concentrate 490 双低菜籽粕浓缩蛋白 Soy protein concentrate 932 大豆浓缩蛋白 Canola oil1 38 双低菜籽油 DL-Methionine 13 10 14 L-Lysine 6 16 L-Arginine 11 Zhang et al., 2012, Aquaculture 360-361, 25-36.
−
− −
Wheat 小麦（膨化粘合）
Krill meal 磷虾粉（保证适口性） No MBM, very little SBM 不使用肉骨粉 5 豆粕使用量也极少
• 配方的调整空间非常小
Does salmon feed require fish meal? 三文鱼饲料是否需要鱼粉？
• Experiment:
−
• Driving development in fish feed technology internationally 绝大部分饲料加工新
技术的发展由鲑鳟鱼饲料公司所驱动
• Both species are in genetic selection programs – continuously improved fish
−
− −
1/4 kg Atlantic salmon
初始体重 250g Saltwater 8.5oC
−
− − − − −
海水温度 8.5oC
Three replicates Duration 84 days 实验持续84天 Extruded feeds 膨化饲料
• Results: the use of 5% krill meal or 5%
• Experiment:
−
− −
60g trout
初始体重：60克 Freshwater 9.1oC
−
− − − − −
养殖水温：淡水 9.1oC
Two replicates Duration 72 days 养殖时间72天 Extruded feeds 膨化饲料
Zhang et al., 2012.
211
211 211
85 18.3 4.9 2.4 19.0
7
Storebakken et al., manuscript
Does salmon feed require fish meal? Feed intake in Atlantic salmon fed a diet with LT fish meal as the only source of protein (FM control), only plant protein (Plant control), or 5% krillmeal (KM) or LT Fish meal (FM) 摄食率，%初始体重
Storebakken et al., manuscript
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Does salmon feed require fish meal? Diet formulation: 实验饲料配方
Diet
FM Control 鱼粉对照组
5% KM 5%磷虾粉组
Plant control 5% FM 全植物蛋白对 5%鱼粉组 照组
Protein, 350-400 g 蛋白，35-40%
Biblioteka Baidu
Lipid, 350-400 g
脂肪，35%-40% Starch, < 100 g 淀粉，<10% Astaxanthin, 35-50 mg 虾青素，35-50毫克每公斤
• Common ingredients(常用原料)
−
< 10 % fishmeal (mix of high-quality and FAQ)
LT-fish meal increases feed intake to almost the same level as if LT fish meal is the sole source of protein
• 结果显示：在全浓缩植物蛋白型配方中
仅使用 5%磷虾粉或5%LT鱼粉，即可 保证其摄食率与全LT鱼粉组相差无几
environment 产业成熟-政府监管到位（包括对养殖鱼类的健康、食品安全以及 养殖环境等）
−
Focus on cost per ton of fish produced (growth rate, feed conversion, survival) rather than price per ton of feed. 更关注每吨产出的生产成本（包括：生长率、饲料转化率、存活率）而非每吨饲料 的价格 Focus on product quality 更关注水产品的品质（如：三文鱼的肉质）
• Astaxanthin is added to the feed to make the flesh red
• 饲料中添加虾青素以保证鱼肉色泽鲜明
• Salmonids are glucose intolerant and poorly digest starch – less than 10% starch
Salmon and trout are fatty fish – high fat diets, vacuum coated and require high nutrient concentration （concentrated ingredients）
原料，营养水平高
• 三文和虹鳟皆为高体脂型鱼类，饲料使用真空喷涂添加高油脂及浓缩型的蛋白
.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
PPC CPC SPC P+C P+S C+S P+C+S
SMIX 0 0 1 0 0.5 0.5 0.33
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Growth of rainbow trout fed 95% of dietary protein from plant protein concentrates and 5% from krill meal 虹鳟幼鱼摄食零鱼粉型膨化饲料73天的生长表现
(饲料蛋白中95％源自植物浓缩蛋白，5％源自南极磷虾粉)
FM, 优质低温干燥鱼粉
Plant protein concentrates 植物浓缩蛋白，包括： • PPC 豌豆浓缩蛋白预混物 • CPC 双低菜籽粕浓缩蛋白预混物 • SPC 大豆浓缩蛋白预混物
Zhang et al., 2012, Aquaculture 360-361, 25-36.
14
Highly efficient utilization of protein from plant protein concentrates
FCR 1.15 tons per ton produced for 1.3 mill tons in Norway
仅挪威的鲑鳟鱼饲料的年产高达130万吨，饵料系数1.15左右
Formulated, extruder processed diets from first feeding to slaughter 从开口摄食养到上市规格（2.5-4 kg）全程使用膨化配合饲料
11
The proportion of each plant protein pre-mixture in total plant protein combination 实验饲料蛋白源组成
Diet Original components, g kg-1 PCSMIX MIX MIX 600 0 0 0 600 0 0 0 600 300 300 0 300 0 300 0 300 300 200 200 200 Pseudocomponents PCMIX MIX 1 0 0 1 0 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0 0.5 0.33 0.33