高考英语特殊句式(强调.倒装.省略)

特殊句式(倒装、强调与省略)

一、倒装

1．全部倒装。全部倒装是将谓语的全部提到主语之前。

(1)表示方位的副词(如there，here，up，down，out，in，away, over, off, back等)位于句首，句子谓语是go，come，run，rush等表示位置的动词，可将谓语动词全部置于主语之前。另外，表示时间的副词now, then, thus引导的句子也是全部倒装。

如：There goes the bell.铃响了。 Then came the chairman. 主席来了。

Off went the horse. In came the boss.

From the speaker comes the doctor’s voice.

(2)表示方位的介词短语位于句首。

如：In the middle of the mountain lies a temple.

(3)表语位于句首。

如：Seated in the lecture hall are hundreds of students.

Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.

(4)There be 句型 (be可换成 live, stand, lie, come, exist, seem, appear等).如：There still exist some problems.

注意：句子的主语为人称代词时，句子不倒装。

Here it is. Away they went.

2．部分倒装。部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。

(1)在下列否定副词位于句首时用部分倒装语序：

从不never；任何地方都不nowhere；很少seldom, little, few, rarely；刚刚，几乎不hardly, scarcely, barely；两者都不neither… nor…；决不by no means, at no time, under no circumstances, on no account …

Never in all my life have I felt so humiliated.我这辈子从未感到如此受辱。

Not a word did he say at the last meeting.在上次会议上他一句话都没说。

(2)not until位于句首

I didn’t recognize her until she took off the sunglasses.

—Not until she took off the sunglasses did I recognize her.

(3)hardly...when，no sooner...than，not only...but also引导两个分句时，如果hardly, no sooner, not only位于句首，将前一个分句中的主谓作部分倒装，后一个分句中的主谓语序不变。

Hardly had he began to speak when his father stopped him.他刚开口发言就被父亲制止了。

(4)当句子用so，nor，neither开头，来说明前面一句话中谓语表示的情

况，也适用于另外一些人或物时，主语和谓语部分倒装。这时谓语只是用助动词、情态动词或系动词来表示。其常见句型是：

so/nor/neither + be/ 助动词（do/have）/ 情态动词＋主语

Frank adores dogs and so does his wife.弗兰克非常爱狗，他妻子也一样。

She couldn’t work out the answer，and nor could I.她算不出答案，我也算不出。

(5)当only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，采用部分倒装Only when I see it with my only eyes do I believe it.只有亲眼见到，我才相信。

(6)在so/such...that引导的结果状语从句中，把so/such提到句首时，主谓要倒装。

So moved was she that she could not say a word.她激动得一句话也说不出来。

(7)在if虚拟条件从句中如果有had/were/should,可省略if,把

had/were/should与主语倒装。

If he should change his mind, let me know.

—Should he change his mind, let me know.

(8)在以often, always, once, many a time, now and then等作状语的频度副词位于句首时 Often did I speak of him before.

3．其他倒装。

(1) 由as/though引导的让步状语从句中，其基本句式为：

形容词/副词/名词/动词原形+as/though+主语+谓语

Child as/though he is, he knows a lot of English.

=Although/Though he is a child, he knows a lot of English.

• Old as they were,… Hard as he tried, … Try as I might, …(2) 直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，主句中的主谓也常直接倒装。

“Very well,” said the French student.

(3) 在the more…,the more…结构中

The more you practice, the better your skill is.

二、强调

1．强调句型的结构：It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋原句的剩余部分。

被强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。

It is I who am right. (强调主语)

It was him that we met at the school gate. (强调宾语) It was because her mother was ill that she didn’t go to work. (强调状语从句)因为母亲病