反思田野中的“非遗”舞蹈传承人

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反思田野中的“非遗”舞蹈传承人

作者：许晓云

来源：《贵州大学学报（艺术版）》2020年第01期

摘要：基于近两年的追踪式田野调查中所收集到的第一手资料，并在亲身体验的感受中，文章通过对翼城花鼓艺术活动的现状描述，并与文献记载、口述记忆和国家文件的比较后发现，作为国家第一批列入“非遗”舞蹈名录的翼城花鼓，其传承现状主要体现在以下三个方面：实践活动与传统语境的差距、趋于一致与各具特色的差距、国家身份与民间个体的差距。在此基础上，从“非遗”舞蹈传承人的过去、现在、将来三个时间维度提出：不能忽视“非遗”舞蹈传承人所承载的历史文化价值;对代表性传承人的判定标准有待更加具体;传承文化生态，培养个人兴趣是传承人得以继续产生与存在的沃土和主要因素。

关键词：“非遗”舞蹈;传承人;翼城花鼓;田野调查

中图分类号：J722.2

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1671-444X（2020）01-0100-05

国际DOI编码：10.15958/ki.gdxbysb.2020.01.014

Abstract：Based on the firsthand information from a two-year field investigation， this essay discusses the current situation of the flower-drum dance in Yicheng city that is among the first batch of dances in the national list of the “intangible cultural heritage” with a comparison with related literatures， oral memory and national document. Its inheritance situation can be demonstrated in the following three aspects： the gap between practical activities and the traditional context， that between convergence and distinctive features， and that between national identity and folk individuals. On this basis， this essay suggests from three time dimensions：the inheritors’ past，present and future. First， it cannot ignore the historical and cultural values carried by the dance inheritors of the “intangible cultural heritage”. Then， the criteria of selecting representative inheritors need to be more specific. Finally， inheriting cultural ecology and cultivating individual hobby are the fertile soil and main factors for inheritors’ succession and existence.

Key words：“intangible cultural heritage” of dance; inheritor; flower-drum dance in Yicheng city; field investigation

“非遗”传承人的研究一直以来都是文化学界的研究重点，因为非物质文化和物质文化之间最大的区别就在于它们所传承的精髓，一个在物质上，一个在精神中，恰恰传承人是文化精神