多功能交通信号机讲解
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
第 3 章 时间显示器设计与仿真 ··························································15
3.1 时间测量电路 ················································································15 3.2 控制电路 ······················································································16 3.2.1 置数电路 ······················································································16 3.2.2 复位电路 ······················································································18 3.3 时间显示电路 ················································································19 3.3.1 倒计时器 ······················································································20 3.3.2 动态扫描译码电路 ·········································································20 3.3.3 LED 数码管 ··················································································21 3.4 时钟电路 ······················································································21 3.5 顺序脉冲发生器 ·············································································21 3.6 时间显示器整体电路 ·······································································22
多功能交通信号机
哈尔滨工程大学
电子电路实验 3
实验总结报告
孙丽鹏 2015/5/13
多功能交通信号机
电子电路实验 3
实验总结报告
wenku.baidu.com题目名称： 多功能交通信号机
学生姓名：
孙丽鹏
学 号：
2012107219
学生电话： 18045119664
指导教师：
王革思
验收日期： 2015 年 5 月 11 日
多功能交通信号机
而多功能交通信号控制机的存在，有效的控制了信号灯的状态，从而实现 对交通的控制管理，减少事故，改善交通，提高了效率，是道路安全保障的重 要组成部分。
根据目前常用的技术和正在兴起的控制方式，交通信号机可分为非智能和 智能交通信号灯控制器两种。
对于非智能的交通信号机，又可以称为固定周期控制器。其采用定时控制 算法，是按照事先设定的配时方案运行，不会考虑实时的交通状况进行实时的 控制。根据是否进行多个配时方案的切换可以分为单段式与多段式，根据一个 区域内各个路口信号配时之间是否有联系又可以分为点控（彼此无联系），线 控（一条干线上的多个路口视为整体进行协调控制），面控（将一个区域内多 个路口进行协调控制）。
本文分四个章节进行了分析介绍，第一章是系统方案的设计，按照要求的 功能及技术性能指标要求，自上而下完成了信号灯控制器与时间显示器的电路 结构设计，并且详细的描述了他们的工作原理；第二章对信号灯控制器进行了 设计与仿真验证，包括周期信号产生电路、信号灯指示电路、脉冲信号产生电 路、时间设置电路和时钟信号产生电路，采用 EDA 工具软件 Multisim 完成了各 电路的仿真验证，证明了信号灯控制器设计的可实现性；第三章对时间显示电 路进行了电路结构设计及仿真验证，包括时间测量电路、置数电路、复位电路、 倒计时器和动态扫描译码电路，采用 EDA 工具软件 MAXPLUSII 完成了各电路 仿真验证，证明了时间显示器设计的可实现性；第四章完成了信号控制器的硬 件安装与调试。
4.2 时间显示器 ···················································································25
实验总结 ···························································································26 附 录 ································································································26
1.2 功能及技术性能指标要求
多功能交通信号机包括信号灯控制器和时间显示器两部分，它们之间的电 路结构相对比较独立。其功能及技术性能指标要求如下：
信号灯控制器： （1）输出控制回路数：6 路，分别控制东西方向和南北方向的红灯、绿灯
和黄灯； （2）信号灯控制方式：自动/手动； （3）绿灯时间设置：0 s ~ 90 s； （4）绿闪时间设置：3 s； （5）黄灯时间设置：2 ~ 3 s； （6）四面红灯时间设置：2 s； （7）夜间服务：启动黄灯闪烁。 时间显示器： （8）测量时间范围：0 s ~ 90 s； （9）测量误差：≤1 s； （10）测量方式：自适应； （11）显示时间范围：99 s ~ 1 s； （12）显示时间方式：LED 数码管，两位，共阳极，动态扫描。 （13）路数：3 路（红灯、绿灯和黄灯）。
第 2 章 信号灯控制器设计与仿真 ························································ 7
2.1 周期信号产生电路 ··········································································· 7 2.2 信号灯指示电路 ·············································································· 9 2.3 脉冲信号产生电路 ··········································································· 9 2.4 时间设置电路 ················································································11 2.5 时钟信号产生电路 ··········································································12 2.6 信号灯控制器整体电路 ····································································13
摘要
随着现代城市的发展，城市交通显得更加的重要，作为城市交通系统的重 要组成部分的交通信号灯也变的更加重要，一个高效的信号控制机对于交通的 管理和控制起的至关重要的作用。本文介绍一种兼顾信号灯控制与显示的信号 灯系统。该系统主要具有有自动手动工作方式，时间设置，时间显示，夜间服 务，绿灯闪烁等功能。
多功能交通信号机
第 1 章 系统总体方案设计
1.1 题目简介
随着社会城市化进程的加快以及经济的快速发展，城市人口与机动车辆也 日益增多，城市道路交通管理显得就尤为重要，其中最常见的一部分的就是交 通信号灯了，它有红绿黄灯组成，分别表示禁止通行，允许通行和警示，一般 分布在城市交叉路口和人流密集的地方，指导车辆与行人安全有序的通过路口。
对于智能交通信号机来，是指将先进的信息技术，检测技术，电子控制技 术以及计算机技术等结合应用于信号机，通过对交通的实时检测，如车流量， 排队长度，车辆类型等信息的获取，并将数据发送给控制器来产生合适的配时 方案，从而实现对交通的实时监控和控制，从而有效的提高交通的效率，现在 智能控制方式呈现多样化，有基于图像处理技术的，有自适应控制的，有神经 网络控制的等等。
多功能交通信号机
第 4 章 系统硬件电路测试 ·································································24
4.1 信号灯控制器·················································································24 4.1.1 时钟信号产生电路 ··········································································24 4.1.2 手动脉冲信号产生电路 ···································································· 24 4.1.3 定时器电路 ···················································································24 4.1.4 整体电路 ······················································································24
附录一 信号灯控制器元器件明细表 ·······················································27 附录二 信号灯控制器实物照片 ·····························································29 附录三 实验日志 ···············································································30
从功能及技术性能测试结果来看，该交通信号机的已经达到设计要求， 能实现相应的功能。
多功能交通信号机
目录
第 1 章 系统总体方案设计 ································································· 1
1.1 题目简介 ······················································································· 1 1.2 功能及技术性能指标要求 ·································································· 2 1.3 信号灯控制器电路结构及工作原理 ······················································ 3 1.4 时间显示器电路结构及工作原理 ························································· 5
在现代交通信号灯的组成中，倒计时显示器已经成为很重要的一部分，它 可以检测各个信号的时长，并根据信号的变化自动识别并采集其信号周期，然 后同步信号变化进行显示，显示信号剩余时间，从而减少车辆通过路口的时间 延误，并且可以缓解人高度集中的神经，减少交通事故。
1
多功能交通信号机
本题目将交通信号控制机和倒计时显示器的功能集于一体，以数字集成电 路、可编程逻辑器件 FPGA 为主要器件，设计一种单段式定时控制交通信号机， 具有功能多、时间准确、可靠性强、成本低、操作简单、便于维护等特点。
3.1 时间测量电路 ················································································15 3.2 控制电路 ······················································································16 3.2.1 置数电路 ······················································································16 3.2.2 复位电路 ······················································································18 3.3 时间显示电路 ················································································19 3.3.1 倒计时器 ······················································································20 3.3.2 动态扫描译码电路 ·········································································20 3.3.3 LED 数码管 ··················································································21 3.4 时钟电路 ······················································································21 3.5 顺序脉冲发生器 ·············································································21 3.6 时间显示器整体电路 ·······································································22
多功能交通信号机
哈尔滨工程大学
电子电路实验 3
实验总结报告
孙丽鹏 2015/5/13
多功能交通信号机
电子电路实验 3
实验总结报告
wenku.baidu.com题目名称： 多功能交通信号机
学生姓名：
孙丽鹏
学 号：
2012107219
学生电话： 18045119664
指导教师：
王革思
验收日期： 2015 年 5 月 11 日
多功能交通信号机
而多功能交通信号控制机的存在，有效的控制了信号灯的状态，从而实现 对交通的控制管理，减少事故，改善交通，提高了效率，是道路安全保障的重 要组成部分。
根据目前常用的技术和正在兴起的控制方式，交通信号机可分为非智能和 智能交通信号灯控制器两种。
对于非智能的交通信号机，又可以称为固定周期控制器。其采用定时控制 算法，是按照事先设定的配时方案运行，不会考虑实时的交通状况进行实时的 控制。根据是否进行多个配时方案的切换可以分为单段式与多段式，根据一个 区域内各个路口信号配时之间是否有联系又可以分为点控（彼此无联系），线 控（一条干线上的多个路口视为整体进行协调控制），面控（将一个区域内多 个路口进行协调控制）。
本文分四个章节进行了分析介绍，第一章是系统方案的设计，按照要求的 功能及技术性能指标要求，自上而下完成了信号灯控制器与时间显示器的电路 结构设计，并且详细的描述了他们的工作原理；第二章对信号灯控制器进行了 设计与仿真验证，包括周期信号产生电路、信号灯指示电路、脉冲信号产生电 路、时间设置电路和时钟信号产生电路，采用 EDA 工具软件 Multisim 完成了各 电路的仿真验证，证明了信号灯控制器设计的可实现性；第三章对时间显示电 路进行了电路结构设计及仿真验证，包括时间测量电路、置数电路、复位电路、 倒计时器和动态扫描译码电路，采用 EDA 工具软件 MAXPLUSII 完成了各电路 仿真验证，证明了时间显示器设计的可实现性；第四章完成了信号控制器的硬 件安装与调试。
4.2 时间显示器 ···················································································25
实验总结 ···························································································26 附 录 ································································································26
1.2 功能及技术性能指标要求
多功能交通信号机包括信号灯控制器和时间显示器两部分，它们之间的电 路结构相对比较独立。其功能及技术性能指标要求如下：
信号灯控制器： （1）输出控制回路数：6 路，分别控制东西方向和南北方向的红灯、绿灯
和黄灯； （2）信号灯控制方式：自动/手动； （3）绿灯时间设置：0 s ~ 90 s； （4）绿闪时间设置：3 s； （5）黄灯时间设置：2 ~ 3 s； （6）四面红灯时间设置：2 s； （7）夜间服务：启动黄灯闪烁。 时间显示器： （8）测量时间范围：0 s ~ 90 s； （9）测量误差：≤1 s； （10）测量方式：自适应； （11）显示时间范围：99 s ~ 1 s； （12）显示时间方式：LED 数码管，两位，共阳极，动态扫描。 （13）路数：3 路（红灯、绿灯和黄灯）。
第 2 章 信号灯控制器设计与仿真 ························································ 7
2.1 周期信号产生电路 ··········································································· 7 2.2 信号灯指示电路 ·············································································· 9 2.3 脉冲信号产生电路 ··········································································· 9 2.4 时间设置电路 ················································································11 2.5 时钟信号产生电路 ··········································································12 2.6 信号灯控制器整体电路 ····································································13
摘要
随着现代城市的发展，城市交通显得更加的重要，作为城市交通系统的重 要组成部分的交通信号灯也变的更加重要，一个高效的信号控制机对于交通的 管理和控制起的至关重要的作用。本文介绍一种兼顾信号灯控制与显示的信号 灯系统。该系统主要具有有自动手动工作方式，时间设置，时间显示，夜间服 务，绿灯闪烁等功能。
多功能交通信号机
第 1 章 系统总体方案设计
1.1 题目简介
随着社会城市化进程的加快以及经济的快速发展，城市人口与机动车辆也 日益增多，城市道路交通管理显得就尤为重要，其中最常见的一部分的就是交 通信号灯了，它有红绿黄灯组成，分别表示禁止通行，允许通行和警示，一般 分布在城市交叉路口和人流密集的地方，指导车辆与行人安全有序的通过路口。
对于智能交通信号机来，是指将先进的信息技术，检测技术，电子控制技 术以及计算机技术等结合应用于信号机，通过对交通的实时检测，如车流量， 排队长度，车辆类型等信息的获取，并将数据发送给控制器来产生合适的配时 方案，从而实现对交通的实时监控和控制，从而有效的提高交通的效率，现在 智能控制方式呈现多样化，有基于图像处理技术的，有自适应控制的，有神经 网络控制的等等。
多功能交通信号机
第 4 章 系统硬件电路测试 ·································································24
4.1 信号灯控制器·················································································24 4.1.1 时钟信号产生电路 ··········································································24 4.1.2 手动脉冲信号产生电路 ···································································· 24 4.1.3 定时器电路 ···················································································24 4.1.4 整体电路 ······················································································24
附录一 信号灯控制器元器件明细表 ·······················································27 附录二 信号灯控制器实物照片 ·····························································29 附录三 实验日志 ···············································································30
从功能及技术性能测试结果来看，该交通信号机的已经达到设计要求， 能实现相应的功能。
多功能交通信号机
目录
第 1 章 系统总体方案设计 ································································· 1
1.1 题目简介 ······················································································· 1 1.2 功能及技术性能指标要求 ·································································· 2 1.3 信号灯控制器电路结构及工作原理 ······················································ 3 1.4 时间显示器电路结构及工作原理 ························································· 5
在现代交通信号灯的组成中，倒计时显示器已经成为很重要的一部分，它 可以检测各个信号的时长，并根据信号的变化自动识别并采集其信号周期，然 后同步信号变化进行显示，显示信号剩余时间，从而减少车辆通过路口的时间 延误，并且可以缓解人高度集中的神经，减少交通事故。
1
多功能交通信号机
本题目将交通信号控制机和倒计时显示器的功能集于一体，以数字集成电 路、可编程逻辑器件 FPGA 为主要器件，设计一种单段式定时控制交通信号机， 具有功能多、时间准确、可靠性强、成本低、操作简单、便于维护等特点。