小升初英语语法祈使句大总结

祈使句

祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。

1) 祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。

Take this seat.

Do be careful.

但有时为了指明向谁请求或发出命袋子令，也可说出主语来。如：

Alice, you close your book.艾丽期，请你把书关上。

否定结构：

Don't move.

Don't be late.Please don’t forget to take your medi cine.请不要忘记吃药。

Don’t let’s quarrel about it. (=Let’s not quarrel about it. )我们不要为此事争吵了。

祈使句的强调式

Do be on time.务必准时。

Do come early.务必早点来。

2) 第二种祈使句以let开头。

Let 的反意疑问句

a. Let's 包括说话者

Let's have another try，shall we / shan't we?

= Shall we have another try?

b.Let us 不包括说话者

Let us have another try，will you / won't you?

= Will you please let us have another try?

否定结构：

Let's not talk of that matter.

Let us not talk of that matter.

用复合不定代词作主语的祈使句

■当要对一群人讲话时，祈使语气可与everybody, someone之类的词连用。如：

Nobody move.谁都别动。

Nobody say a word!都不许说话!

Someone fetch a pail of water.谁去打一桶水来。

Somebody answer the phone please.请来个人接电话。

Someone go and see who it is.谁去看看是什么人来了。

Don’t anybody get out of here.大家都别出去!

Everyone keep quiet!大家安静!

Everybody sit down and let’s have a drink.大家坐下来喝一杯吧!

Mary, come here — everybody else stay where you are.玛丽到这里来，其他人都留在原地。

■在表示否定的命令语气后面可用带any的复合词：

Don’t say a word anybody!谁都不要说话!

Don’t anybody say a word!任何人都不许说话

不要混淆祈使句与非谓语动词

有这样一道语法考题，该用动词原形？还是用非谓语动词？

_________the road round to the right and you’ll find his house.

A. Follow

B. Following

C. To follow

D. Followed

【分析】此题容易误选B或C，许多同学一看选项就想当然地认为，选现在分词表示时间或伴随，选不定式表目的。此题的关键是要注意句中的连词and，它表明整个句子是一个并列句，即and前后应各是一个独立的句子，而不应是一个非谓语形式的短语，所以此题的正确答案应选A，即and前是一个祈使句。比较以下两题：

(1)_________ the road round to the right, she found his house.

A. Follow

B. Following

C. To follow

D. Followed

【分析】此题应选B，现在分词短语表时间。

(2)_________ the road round to the right, the blind man asked a boy to guide him.

A. Follow

B. Following

C. To follow

D. Followed

【分析】此题应选C，不定式短语表目的。

因为句中的并列连词and（填空句为祈使句）：

(1)_________ the milk and set a good example to the other children.

A. Drink

B. To drink

C. Drinking

D. Having drinking

(2)_________me, and don’t just stand there laughing.

A. Answer

B. To answer

C. Answering

D. To be answering

(3)_________ me , and then try to copy what I do.

A. Watch

B. Watching

C. To watch

D. Have watching

(4)_________ through this book and tell me what you think of it.

A. Look

B. Looking

C. To look

D. Having looked

(5)_________it with me and I’ll see what I can do.

A. Leave

B. Leaving

C. If you leave

D. When left

注：有时可能不用连词，而用破折号（答案均选B，填空句为祈使句）。如：

(1)_________ down the radio —the baby’s asleep in the next room.

A. Turning

B. Turn

C. Turned

D. To turn

(2)_________ some of this juice — perhaps you will like it.