汉英译课件之_句子翻译之语序调整
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句子翻译之语序 调整
基于丝绸之路带来的灵感，我们的火炬接力， 将途径希腊和中国，这些都以共享和平，共 享奥运为主题。 With a concept inspired by the Silk Road, our Torch relay will travel through Greece and China, carrying the message “Share the peace, Share the Olympics”.
使用分词形式： 他是一个值得同情的人。 He is a man deserving of sympathy. 日本和我国是一衣带水的邻邦。 Japan is our close neighbor separated only by a narrow strip of water.
使用介词短语： 大街上奔跑着各种品牌的汽车。 Cars of different brands run along the street. 正月十五元宵夜，街上挂着各式各样精巧的灯 笼。 On the evening of the Lantern Festival, the 15th of the first lunar month, exquisite lanterns of diverse designs are hung along the streets.
„„在这一年半中，她抄写、背写英语单词 的纸，累起来可达桌子高。„„ In that year and a half, the paper on which she had copied English words or written them down from memory, if stacked up, could reach the table from the floor.
二定语位置的调整。 汉语定语总是放在中心词前面；英语定语位置较灵活， 单词作定语时一般放在中心词之前，较长的定语如 词组或介词短语则放在中心词之后。 浩瀚的大海—the vast sea; 古老的中原文化—the time-honoured Central Plain culture.
The students outside the classroom A man with a broken left leg A man of good manners
父亲母亲的形象还能回忆一点儿，但很模糊。 Even today I can recollect what my own parents looked like but, of course, my impression is blurry.
表示时间、地点和方式的状语同时使用时，在 汉语中通常排列为时间—地点—方式—动词 的顺序；在英语中则通常排列为动词—方 式—地点—时间的顺序。 圣诞晚会将于下周一晚上在Y602 举行。 他每晚都在图书馆用心读书。
公园里设有专门的英语角，老老少少会定期聚 在一起操练。 In public parks there are special English corners where English learners, old and young, gather at regular time to practice their oral English.
他比赛失败，我感到很惊讶。 I was not a little surprised that he lost the game. He lost the game; I felt very much surprised.
汉语中不同类型词语作定语修饰一个名词时， 往往将表明事物本质属性的词语排列在前， 将描写性词语排列在后；而英语则相反，越 是表明事物本质属性的定语，越是靠近被修 饰的中心词。 山东曲阜是中国古代著名思想家，教育家孔子 的故乡。 Qufu, Shandong province, is the birthplace of Confucius, a well-renowned ancient Chinese thinker and teacher.
英汉语都以主语+谓语+宾语或施事+行为+受 事为基本语序；就施事、行为和受事的顺序 而言，汉语语序排列比英语灵活。 施事(agent)、行为(act)、受事(object)的位置 在汉语中比较自由，在英语中比较固定。
沙发上坐着一个人。 A man was sitting on the couch. 约翰的中国之行，给他留下最深刻印象的是杭 州西湖之秀美。 The beauty of the West Lake in Hangzhou was what impressed John most during his trip to China.
他一九七八年八月八日早晨六点三十分诞生在 山东的一个小县城。 He was born in a small town of Shandong Province at six thirty on the morning of August 8, 1978. 设在位于纽约市中心一座摩天大楼第四十层楼 里的那间办公室，就是他工作的小天地。 The office on the fortieth floor of a skyscraper in the center of New York City is the world he works in.
就分句间的相对位置而言，汉语的顺序相对比 较固定，一般按照先因后果，语序与时序相 一致的原则。 而英语比较灵活，语序与时序常常不一致。 我走过地板时，一块板子吱吱作响。 A board creaked as I crossed the floor.
你丈夫念书，你挣钱养家，他不会感到不自在 吧。 I hope your husband doesn’t feel bad about it, with him studying and you earning money.
委员们的意见有分歧。 The committee are divБайду номын сангаасded in their opinions.
我们南京还在吸引外资企业进行老企业技术改 造，房地产开发等方面制定了一系列优惠政 策。 We have also formulated a series of preferential policies to absorb foreign capitals in such fields as technical renovation of old enterprises, and real estate development in Nanjing.
我们相信，在新的一年里，通过双方的努力， 我们的业务和友好合作关系会得到发展。 We believe we will be able to develop business relations and friendly cooperation through our common efforts in the coming year.
我们能作为志愿者为2008奥运服务，感到非常 荣幸。 It is our honor to serve the 2008 Olimpic Games as volunteers. 我们每个人在工作中都要顾全大局。 We need to take the overall situation into consideration at work.
我来到厦门大学教书，完全是一种意外的收获。 It has been an unexpected piece of luck for me to become a teacher at Xiamen University. 他晚上开车经过山区真是太危险了。 It is very dangerous for him to drive his car through the mountainous areas in the evening. 居然没有一个人倾听这个意见，真是太遗憾了。 It is a pity that nobody should be on the listen. 你送来这么多优秀图书，我们甚感高兴。 We felt very delighted at your giving us many best books.
他是依然健在的最伟大的科学家。 He is the greatest writer alive. 这是可能取得的最令人满意的结果了。 This is the most satisfactory result obtainable.
句间的语序调整： 叙事和表意的顺序 无论是汉语还是英语，在句子中既有叙事部分， 又有表意部分，在汉语句子中，叙事在前， 表意在后，而且前者可长，后者较短。 我们听了你的学术报告之后，都非常高兴。 We were very delighted at listening to your academic report. 人类没有空气就无法生存，这是十分自然的。 It is very natural that man couldn’t live without air.
他就是那个告诉我这个消息的人。 He is the man who told me the news. 我永远忘不了我们第一次见面的那一天。 I shall never forget the day when we first met. 这是他以前在伦敦居住的地方。 That is the place he stayed when he was in London. 只有在河水很浅的地方我们才能涉水而过。 We can only ford where the river is very shallow.
中国政府对普及小学教育一直给与高度重视。 Chinese government has attached great importance to the implementation of nineyear-compulsory education.
语序指句子成分排列的次序，它是词语和句 子成分之间关系的体现，反映语言使用者的 逻辑思维和心理结构模式。
有些中小学生每天上学都要带午餐盒。 Some middle school and primary school students take packed lunch with them every day. 一切准备就绪，会议就立即开始了。 The meeting will start when everything is ready.
当名词中心词之前出现几个属于不同层次的 形容词作修饰语时，常常涉及词序问题。一 般按下列词序排列：表示说话人评价的形容 词—表示大小、形状、新旧的形容词—表示 颜色的形容词—表示国别、来源、材料的形 容词—表示用途、目的的形容词或分词、名 词等类别词。 The charming old English church The man’s first two interesting French oil paintings
基于丝绸之路带来的灵感，我们的火炬接力， 将途径希腊和中国，这些都以共享和平，共 享奥运为主题。 With a concept inspired by the Silk Road, our Torch relay will travel through Greece and China, carrying the message “Share the peace, Share the Olympics”.
使用分词形式： 他是一个值得同情的人。 He is a man deserving of sympathy. 日本和我国是一衣带水的邻邦。 Japan is our close neighbor separated only by a narrow strip of water.
使用介词短语： 大街上奔跑着各种品牌的汽车。 Cars of different brands run along the street. 正月十五元宵夜，街上挂着各式各样精巧的灯 笼。 On the evening of the Lantern Festival, the 15th of the first lunar month, exquisite lanterns of diverse designs are hung along the streets.
„„在这一年半中，她抄写、背写英语单词 的纸，累起来可达桌子高。„„ In that year and a half, the paper on which she had copied English words or written them down from memory, if stacked up, could reach the table from the floor.
二定语位置的调整。 汉语定语总是放在中心词前面；英语定语位置较灵活， 单词作定语时一般放在中心词之前，较长的定语如 词组或介词短语则放在中心词之后。 浩瀚的大海—the vast sea; 古老的中原文化—the time-honoured Central Plain culture.
The students outside the classroom A man with a broken left leg A man of good manners
父亲母亲的形象还能回忆一点儿，但很模糊。 Even today I can recollect what my own parents looked like but, of course, my impression is blurry.
表示时间、地点和方式的状语同时使用时，在 汉语中通常排列为时间—地点—方式—动词 的顺序；在英语中则通常排列为动词—方 式—地点—时间的顺序。 圣诞晚会将于下周一晚上在Y602 举行。 他每晚都在图书馆用心读书。
公园里设有专门的英语角，老老少少会定期聚 在一起操练。 In public parks there are special English corners where English learners, old and young, gather at regular time to practice their oral English.
他比赛失败，我感到很惊讶。 I was not a little surprised that he lost the game. He lost the game; I felt very much surprised.
汉语中不同类型词语作定语修饰一个名词时， 往往将表明事物本质属性的词语排列在前， 将描写性词语排列在后；而英语则相反，越 是表明事物本质属性的定语，越是靠近被修 饰的中心词。 山东曲阜是中国古代著名思想家，教育家孔子 的故乡。 Qufu, Shandong province, is the birthplace of Confucius, a well-renowned ancient Chinese thinker and teacher.
英汉语都以主语+谓语+宾语或施事+行为+受 事为基本语序；就施事、行为和受事的顺序 而言，汉语语序排列比英语灵活。 施事(agent)、行为(act)、受事(object)的位置 在汉语中比较自由，在英语中比较固定。
沙发上坐着一个人。 A man was sitting on the couch. 约翰的中国之行，给他留下最深刻印象的是杭 州西湖之秀美。 The beauty of the West Lake in Hangzhou was what impressed John most during his trip to China.
他一九七八年八月八日早晨六点三十分诞生在 山东的一个小县城。 He was born in a small town of Shandong Province at six thirty on the morning of August 8, 1978. 设在位于纽约市中心一座摩天大楼第四十层楼 里的那间办公室，就是他工作的小天地。 The office on the fortieth floor of a skyscraper in the center of New York City is the world he works in.
就分句间的相对位置而言，汉语的顺序相对比 较固定，一般按照先因后果，语序与时序相 一致的原则。 而英语比较灵活，语序与时序常常不一致。 我走过地板时，一块板子吱吱作响。 A board creaked as I crossed the floor.
你丈夫念书，你挣钱养家，他不会感到不自在 吧。 I hope your husband doesn’t feel bad about it, with him studying and you earning money.
委员们的意见有分歧。 The committee are divБайду номын сангаасded in their opinions.
我们南京还在吸引外资企业进行老企业技术改 造，房地产开发等方面制定了一系列优惠政 策。 We have also formulated a series of preferential policies to absorb foreign capitals in such fields as technical renovation of old enterprises, and real estate development in Nanjing.
我们相信，在新的一年里，通过双方的努力， 我们的业务和友好合作关系会得到发展。 We believe we will be able to develop business relations and friendly cooperation through our common efforts in the coming year.
我们能作为志愿者为2008奥运服务，感到非常 荣幸。 It is our honor to serve the 2008 Olimpic Games as volunteers. 我们每个人在工作中都要顾全大局。 We need to take the overall situation into consideration at work.
我来到厦门大学教书，完全是一种意外的收获。 It has been an unexpected piece of luck for me to become a teacher at Xiamen University. 他晚上开车经过山区真是太危险了。 It is very dangerous for him to drive his car through the mountainous areas in the evening. 居然没有一个人倾听这个意见，真是太遗憾了。 It is a pity that nobody should be on the listen. 你送来这么多优秀图书，我们甚感高兴。 We felt very delighted at your giving us many best books.
他是依然健在的最伟大的科学家。 He is the greatest writer alive. 这是可能取得的最令人满意的结果了。 This is the most satisfactory result obtainable.
句间的语序调整： 叙事和表意的顺序 无论是汉语还是英语，在句子中既有叙事部分， 又有表意部分，在汉语句子中，叙事在前， 表意在后，而且前者可长，后者较短。 我们听了你的学术报告之后，都非常高兴。 We were very delighted at listening to your academic report. 人类没有空气就无法生存，这是十分自然的。 It is very natural that man couldn’t live without air.
他就是那个告诉我这个消息的人。 He is the man who told me the news. 我永远忘不了我们第一次见面的那一天。 I shall never forget the day when we first met. 这是他以前在伦敦居住的地方。 That is the place he stayed when he was in London. 只有在河水很浅的地方我们才能涉水而过。 We can only ford where the river is very shallow.
中国政府对普及小学教育一直给与高度重视。 Chinese government has attached great importance to the implementation of nineyear-compulsory education.
语序指句子成分排列的次序，它是词语和句 子成分之间关系的体现，反映语言使用者的 逻辑思维和心理结构模式。
有些中小学生每天上学都要带午餐盒。 Some middle school and primary school students take packed lunch with them every day. 一切准备就绪，会议就立即开始了。 The meeting will start when everything is ready.
当名词中心词之前出现几个属于不同层次的 形容词作修饰语时，常常涉及词序问题。一 般按下列词序排列：表示说话人评价的形容 词—表示大小、形状、新旧的形容词—表示 颜色的形容词—表示国别、来源、材料的形 容词—表示用途、目的的形容词或分词、名 词等类别词。 The charming old English church The man’s first two interesting French oil paintings