大学英语教程读写译1

英语复习资料
words
a myriad of:大量的,无数的
have an impact on:对……有影响；对……起作用
cope with: 解决；应付
in the event of: 万一，倘若
regardless of : 不管，不顾
transition :过渡，转变
academic：学院的，理论的，学术性的，
slate:板岩，石板，石片，铺石板
critical:批评的，决定性的，危险的，挑剔的，
survival:生存
procrastinate:延迟，迁延，耽搁
prioritize:把……区分优先次序
cardinal:主要的，深红色的
assignment:(分派的)任务，工作，课外作业，功课
tackle：处理，抓住
conflict：冲突，矛盾，争执
messy：散乱的，污秽的
clarify：澄清，阐明，使……明晰
enhance：提高，加强，增加
resolve：决定，解决，决心
tempt：诱惑（temptation ）
tip the balance:起决定性作用，扭转局势
combination：结合，联合
strive for：奋斗，争取
available：可用的，有效的
make time for:腾出时间（做某事）
set aside ：把……放置一旁，不理会，取消，驳回，留出
explore ：探险，探测，探究，探讨
option：选择
responsibility：责任
expand：使……膨胀，详述，扩张
crucial：关键的，决定性的
at times :有时，间或
keep track ｏｆ：记录，掌握．．．．．．的线索，保持对．．．．．．的联系cut corners :抄近路
ｃｒａｍ：塞满，填满，猛吃
ａｄａｐｔ：（使．．．．．．）适应，改编
ｓｅｔｔｌｅｉｎ：安顿下来，适应于新家
ｈａｓｔｙ：匆匆的，轻率地，急忙
adjust to ; 适应
take advantage of ;利用
keep track of ；记录，与……保持联系
stand for：对……有权利，象征，代表，意思是set up against ;制定对……不利的条件，制度等have another try ：再试一次
be fed up with :对……受够了，烦透了
with something in mind 考虑到某事，想到creative ：有创造性的
failure：失败
colleague ：同事
referee ；裁判，仲裁人
competent：有能力的，称职的
score ：考分，成绩记录
grading system ;评分标准
select：选择
judgment：判断
barometer；气压计
attach：缚，绑，附上
measure：测量，丈量
formula：公式
calculate：计算
with the aid of :借助
proportion：比例
mark off：标记，做记号
unit ；计量单位
solve：解决
basement：地下室
admit ：承认
instructor：教师，讲课人
go deep into :深入进去
inner：内部的，内心的
logic ：逻辑
pedantic:学究气的
voice ：用言语表达，发出声音
discontent ；不满意
in disguise of ：装扮成
complete：完整的
determine：下决心
be fascinated by :着迷于
show up :露面
stop …from:阻止
rule out :排除
turn one’s stomach:使作呕
no longer:不再
confession：供认，自白
master:硕士
soul：人，人影，灵魂
prospect：前景
terrify：使害怕，使恐怖
roll call：点名
convey：传递，传达
authority：权威
turn out：结果证明
occasionally：偶尔，有时philosophical：哲学的
pop by :冷不防的出现
hang out ：消磨时光，玩
adjust：调整，适应于
forwardness：主动
surf：冲浪
curse：诅咒，咒骂
seize:抓住
romantic：浪漫的
liaison:联络
position;处境，地位
objective：客观的
evaluation：评价
inevitable：不可避免的
occur：发生，出现
rule out：排除，划去
inapplicable：不适用的
the other way around :相反的情况bias;偏见，偏爱
dismiss：不考虑，自心中摒弃
be involved 有恋情关系
dude:纨绔子弟
seduce：引诱，勾引
favor ;惠赠
sleazebag:庸俗之人
regard :尊重，敬意
click：怦然心动
along with :连同……一起，随同……一起assignment；作业，工作
semester；学期
original；最初的，具有独创性的bibliography；参考书目
cite；引用
clue；线索
insert；插入
have little relation to；与···无关系
paste；粘贴
neo-Luddite；新勒德主义者
hunt and peck；看着键盘打字的方法margin；页边空白
font size；字体大小
machination；诡计
take up；占据
feature；特征特点
perfectionist；完美主义者
slacker；懒虫
toss；投掷
query；质问疑问
synthesize；综合
excerpt；摘录引用
quip；妙语风趣的语言
blip；简单的措辞评论
fabulous；神奇的令人难以置信的
be bound to；一定会
fragment：碎片，使成为碎片
superficial：表面上的，肤浅的demonstrate：展示，说明
random：任意的，随便的
sustain：支撑，维持
plagiarism：剽窃
jumble：混杂，乱成一团
make sense of :弄明白……的意思storehouse：仓库
in the form of：以……的形式gateway：通道
version：版本，说法，形式
take much of the blame for：承担主要责任come up with :想出，提出
attention span :注意力集中的时间
urge：敦促
resource :资源
feature ;特点，专题，主题
due; 到期的，应得的权利
reference：参考，提及，说到
assign：分配，布置
constantly：持续的
semester：学期
be bound up with :与……关系密切的
in the last resort :最后手段，最后凭借in accordance with :按照，与……一致
take something seriously:认真对待某事
take one ‘ s stand on :宣布（对某事物的）立场，意见等destiny：命运
sympathy :同情，同情心
exert：运用
external：外面的，外部的
compulsion：强迫力，强制力
consolation：安慰，慰藉
mercifully ;宽大的，仁慈的
absurd:愚蠢的，不合理的，荒谬的
endeavor:努力
in this sense :在这种意义上
preoccupation：全神贯注，出神
luxury：奢华，豪华
gang:结成一伙
gait：步法，步态
solitude :孤独，孤单
temptation：诱惑
democracy：民主，民主制度
feeble：虚弱的，无力的
ceaseless：不停的，不断的
autocratic；独裁的，专制的
invariable：恒定的，不变的
tyrant：暴君
fundamental:根本的，基本的
as good as :几乎，实际上
penetrate：渗入，穿透
accessible：可到达的
constitute :组成，构成
conceive：想出，想象出
notion：概念，观念
egoism :自私自利
eternity：永恒，永生
inkling：略知，暗示
marvelous：绝妙的，神奇的
portion：部分
excessive；过多的，极度的过分的
equal:相等的
sacrifice：牺牲
echo:回音，效仿，反射，重复，随声附和
edge:边缘，优势，刀刃
contrast ……with：与……对比
in a sense :在某种意义上
be drawn to :被……所吸引
have little relation to：与……没有关系
be bound to 注定；必然要
make sense of 弄明白
take the blame for 承担责任
come up with 想出（计划、回答）；做出（反应）；产生
Translation:
Actually, it doesn’t really matter what you did in high school as you make the transition to college.
实际上，无论你在中学做了什么，但当你向大学过渡时，这些都不重要
—The first few weeks on campus are extremely critical for all new students
→对所有新生来说大学教育最初的几周是非常关键的
— Some of these tips are critical during your first weeks, while the others are meant for longer-term guidance and survival.
→对你来说，有些建议在最初几周是非常重要的，而有些建议则会成为长期的指导和生存技巧。

—I t ’s only natural that there will be times when you miss your family, even if you were one of those kids who couldn’t wait to get away.
你会经常想家，这是非常自然的，即使你是一个迫不及待要逃离家庭的孩子。

— Besides learning the mat erial by attending classes, you’ll also receive vital information from the professors about what to expect on tests, changes in due dates, etc.
→除了要按时上课，学习知识外，你还要从教授那里获取重要信息—比如考试要求，规定日期的变更等。

College life is a mixture of social and academic happenings.
→大学生活是社交活动和学术活动的结合
A big problem for a lot of new students is a combination of homesickness and a feeling of not quite belonging.
→对很多新同学来说，他们面临的问题是想家和没有归属感。

The more time you spend on getting to know the campus and your new friends, the more you’ll feel a t home at school.
尽可能多地呆在学校里，你对学校和朋友了解的越多，你就越有家的感觉。

It expanded his network of friends ，and was a crucial resource at times when he had to miss a class.
→这可以扩大他的朋友圈——当他不得不逃课的时候，这有时可以作为他重要的资源。

. You will be off and running and should consider these tips as your success guide for settling into college.
→你应该把这些建议视为你适应大学生活的成功指南，你将会迅速适应大学生活。

Professor Wang argues that the present evaluation and grading system at college is set up against the growth of students’ creative thinking ability.
王教授认为，大学里现在的考试制度和评分标准不利于培养学生的创造思维能力。

I was not surprised that my colleague agreed, but I was surprised that the student did.
同事表示同意，对此我并不感到意外。

那位同学竟然也表示同意，这倒有些出人意料。

As you climb the stairs, you mark off the barometer along the wall. You then count the number of marks, and this will give you the height of the building in barometer units.
你一边上楼一边沿着墙壁按气压计的高度做记号，然后数数做了多少个记号，就知道大楼的高度是多少个气压计的单位高度了。

He was fed up with high school and college instructors. They
他烦透了中学老师和大学老师，他们总是教他如何思考，如何使用“科
have been trying to teach him how to think, to use the
“scientific method,” and to go deep into the inner logic of
学方法”，如何以书呆子的方式探索学科的内在逻辑，但却从没教过
the subject in a pedantic way, rather than teaching him some
他如何创造性地解决问题。

creative ways of solving problems.
A competent teacher should never be fed up with giving
一个称职的教师应诲人不倦，教学生科学的思维方法；学生在学习
instructions. He has to show his students some scientific ways of thinking. On the other hand, students need to be objective
中应严谨求实，深入到问题深层的逻辑关系中，追求绝对的真理。

and precise in their learning, going deep into the inner logic of the subject for absolute truth.
A display of interest from the TA puts the student in the difficult position of fearing unfavorable results for showing no response to that interest.
如果助教对某个学生明确表达好感，那么该生就会担心自己若是对这种示爱毫无反应便可能对己不利，从而陷入两难的境地。

I tried to rule out each reason as inapplicable to me. Lisa was displaying an interest in me, not the other way around.
我逐一排除这些原因，试图找出它们不适合我的地方，比如，是丽莎对我感兴趣，而非我主
动。

No longer her all-knowing TA, I was now just some older guy who couldn’t surf.毕竟，在她眼里，我已不再是那位学识渊博的助教了，而只是一个年龄稍长又不会冲浪的家伙。

Students' final papers come streaming into my office and mailbox.
学生们的学期论文会涌入我的办公室和信箱
Clearly, the words are up for grabs, and students much prefer the fabulous jumble to the hard work of stopping to think and make sense of what they’ve read.
很明显，那些文字就在那里，随时可以调用，学生们更愿意看到貌似精彩纷呈的大杂烩而不愿意刻苦学习、驻足思考并理解所读的东西。

The computer screen, the gateway to the world sitting right on their desks, promises instant access
电脑屏幕，通向世界的窗口就在他们面前的桌子上，好像为他们提供迅捷的信息来源
I take much of the blame for the decline in the quality of student research in my classes.
我应该为班上学生研究能力的下降承担主要责任。

Knowledge does not emerge out of nowhere
知识不是天上掉下来的
What an extraordinary situation is that of us mortals!
我们这些凡人的命运是多么奇特呀！
Each of us is here for a brief life; for what purpose he knows not, though he sometimes thinks he feels it.
→我们每个人在这个世界上都只作一个短暂的逗留；目的何在，却无从知道，尽管有时自以为对此若有所感。

But from the point of view of daily life, without going deeper, we exist for our fellow-men
→但是，不必深思，只要从日常生活就可以明白：人是为别人而生存的
I must exert myself in order to give in the same measure as I have received and am still receiving.
我必须尽力以同样的分量来报偿我所领受了的和至今还在领受着的东西。

I regard class differences as contrary to justice and, in the last resort, based on force.
我认为阶级差别有悖与正义，且最终需诉诸武力。

In human freedom in the philosophical sense I am definitely a disbeliever.
我完全不相信人类会有那种在哲学意义上的自由。

Everybody acts not only under external compulsion but also in accordance with inner necessity.
→每一个人的行为不仅受着外界的强制，而且要适应内在的必然。

A man can do as he will, but not will as he will.
→人虽然能够做他所想做的，但不能要他所想要的。

The saying has been an inspiration to me since my youth up ,and a continual consolation and unfailing well-spring of patience in the face of the hardships of life, my own and others’.
→这句格言从我青年时代起就给了我真正的启示；在我自己和别人的生活面临困难的时候，它总是使我们得到安慰，并且是宽容的持续不断的源泉。

This feeling mercifully reduces the sense of responsibility
→这种体会可以宽大为怀地减轻那种容易使人气馁的责任感，也可
which so easily becomes hopeless, and it prevents us from taking
以防止我们过于严肃地对待自己和别人；它导致一种特别给幽默以应
ourselves and other people too seriously; it leads to a view of life in which humor, above all, has its due place.
有地位的人生观。

To inquire after the meaning or object of one’s own existence or of creation generally has always seemed to me absurd from an objective point of view .
要追究一个人自己或一切生物生存的意义或目的，从客观的观点看来，我总觉得是愚蠢可笑的。

In this sense I have never looked upon ease and happiness as ends in themselves. →就在这个意义上，我从来不把安逸和享乐看作生活目的本身
The ideals which have lighted me on my way and time after time given me new courage to face life cheerfully , have been Truth, Goodness, and Beauty.
→照亮我的人生道路和不断给我勇气去快乐面对生活的，是真、善和美。

Without the sense of fellowship with men of like mind, of preoccupation with the objective, the eternally unattainable in the field of art and scientific research, life would have seemed to me empty.
→要是没有志同道合者之间的亲切感情，要不是全神贯注于客观世界──那个在艺术和科学工作领域里永远达不到的对象，那么在我看来，生活就会是空虚的。

The ordinary objects of human endeavor—property, outward success, luxury—have always seemed to me silly.
→我总觉得，人们所努力追求的庸俗目标──财产、虚荣、奢侈的生活──都是可鄙的
My passionate sense of social justice and social responsibility
我有强烈的社会正义感和社会责任感，但我又明显地缺乏与别人和社
has always contrasted oddly with my pronounced freedom from the
会直接接触的要求，这两者总是形成古怪的对照。

need for direct contact with other human beings and human communities.
I gang my own gait and have never belonged to my country, my home, my friends, or even my immediate family, with my whole heart; in the face of all these ties I have never lost an strong sense of detachment, of the need for solitude—a feeling which increases with the years.
→我实在是一个“孤独的旅客”，我未曾全心全意地属于我的国家、我的家庭、我的朋友，甚至我最为接近的亲人；在所有这些关系面前，我总是感觉到一定距离而且需要保持孤独──而这种感受正与年俱增。

One is sharply conscious, yet without regret, of the limits to the possibility of mutual understanding and sympathy with one’s fellow-creatures.
→人们会清楚地发觉，同别人的相互了解和协调一致是有限度的，但这不值得惋惜。

Such a person no doubt loses something in the way of kindness and light-heartedness →无疑，这样的人在某种程度上会失去他的天真无邪和无忧无虑的心境
on the other hand, he is largely independent of the opinions, habits, and judgments of his fellows and avoids the temptation to take his stand on such insecure foundations.
→他却能够在很大程度上不为别人的意见、习惯和判断所左右，并且能够避免那种把他的内心平衡建立在这样一些不可靠的基础之上的诱惑
My political ideal is that of democracy
我的政治理想是民主政体。

Let every man be respected as an individual and no man worshiped
让每一个人都作为个人而受到尊重，而不让任何人成为被崇拜的偶像。

It is an irony of fate that I myself have been individual and no man worshiped 然而命运捉弄人的是我个人受到了崇拜，而不是任何人都成为被崇拜的偶像。

It is an irony of fate that I myself have been excessively admired and respected from my fellows.
命运捉弄人的是我自己一直受到同代人的过分的赞扬和尊敬。

The cause of this may well be the desire, unattainable for many, to understand the one or two ideas to which I have with my feeble powers attained through ceaseless struggle.
→其原因大概在于人们有一种愿望，想理解我以自己的绵薄之力，通过不断的斗争所获得的少数几个观念，而这种愿望有很多人却未能实现。

I am quite aware that it is necessary for the success of any complex undertaking that one man should do the thinking and directing and in general bear the responsibility.
→我完全明白，一个复杂事业的实现必须有一个人去思考，去指挥、并且全面担负起责任来。

But the led must not be forced; they must be able to choose their leader.
→但是被领导的人不应当受到强迫，他们必须能够选择自己的领袖。

For force always attracts men of low morality, and I believe it to be an invariable rule that tyrants of genius are succeeded by villains.
→因为暴力所招引来的总是一些品德低劣的人，而且我相信，天才的暴君总是由无赖来继承的，这是一条千古不变的规律。

The fairest thing we can experience is the mysterious.
我们所能有的最美好的经验是奥秘的经验。

It is the fundamental emotion which stands at the beginning of true art and true science
它是坚守在真正艺术和真正科学发源地上的基本感情。

He who knows it not and can no longer wonder, no longer feel amazement, is as good as dead, a dying candle.
→谁要体验不到它，谁要是不再有好奇心，也不再有惊讶的感觉，谁就无异于行尸走肉
A knowledge of the existence of something we cannot penetrate, of the displays of the deepest reason and the most bright beauty, which are only accessible to our reason in their most elementary forms—it is this knowledge and this emotion that constitute the truly religious attitude; in this sense, and in this alone, I am a deeply religious man.
→我们认识到有某种为我们所不能洞察的东西存在，感觉到只能以其最原始的形式接近我们的心灵的那种最深奥的理性和最灿烂的美──正是这种认识和这种情感构成了真正的宗教感情；在这个意义上，而且也只是在这个意义上，我才是一个具有深挚的宗教感情的人。

I cannot conceive of a God …which we are conscious in ourselves.
→我无法想象存在这样一个上帝，它会对自己的创造物加以赏罚，会具有我们在自己身上所体验到的那种意志。

An individual who should survive his physical death is also beyond my comprehension,
nor do I wish it otherwise ;such notions are for the fears or absurd egoism of feeble souls.
→我不能也不愿去想象一个人在肉体死亡以后还会继续活着；让那些脆弱的灵魂，由于恐惧或者由于可笑的唯我论，去拿这种思想当宝贝吧！
Enough for me the mystery of the eternity of life, and the inkling of the marvelous structure of reality, together with the single-hearted endeavor to comprehend a portion, be it never so tiny, of the reason that shows itself in nature.
→我自己只求满足于生命永恒的奥秘，满足于觉察现存世界的神奇结构，窥见它的一鳞半爪，并且以诚挚的努力去领悟在自然界中显示出来的那个理性的一部分，倘若真能如此，即使只领悟其极小的一部分，我也就心满意足了。

There are two main forms of teaching in some universities: seminar and lecture .There are very different
有些大学有两种主要的教学方式：研讨会和演讲。

这种与高中的教学
from the sort of teaching most often used in high schools and have a major impact on freshman. In seminars you will have a
方式大相径庭的方法会对大一新生产生重大影响。

研讨会是在友好
discussion focusing on a text or topic set in advance in a friendly and informal atmosphere. This way of teaching offers students opportunities to try out new ideas ,to think problems
松的气氛中围绕课文或是预定的话题进行讨论。

这种方式有利于学生
through, and to learn how to cope with difficulties. Through
提出创新观点，全面考虑问题以及如何处理难题。

通过团队合作，同
teamwork, students develop friendship and expand their network
Of friends .The value of the lecture is that it can present to学之间增进了友谊，扩大了朋友圈。

演讲的价值在于将书本上没有的
a large number of people information which is not readily
available in books ,and that it can show visual material to a.
信息呈现给众多听众，在于将直观的材料呈现给听众。

wide audience
王教授认为，大学里现在的考试制度和评分标准不利于培养学生的创
Professor Wang argues that the present evaluation and grading
system at college is set up against the growth of students'
造性思维能力。

他认为，教师在教学中应鼓励学生充分发表自己的见
creative thinking ability. He believes that instructors must
encourage their students to fully voice their own views in class
解，在考试中充分发挥想像，合理应用专业（professional）知识来
and use their imagination extensively in tests. Students
解决问题，而不是趋同（go for）一个惟一“正确”的标准答案。

他
should be taught to answer questions with the aid of their
professional knowledge instead of going for the only "correct"
的大多数同事不同意他的看法。

他们认为，学生在大学里应学到高水
answer. To this view most of Professor Wang's colleagues
disagree. They believe that a college is where higher learning
平的知识和技能；一个称职的教师应诲人不倦（not fed up with），
is promoted. A competent teacher should never be fed up with
giving instructions. He has to show his students some
教会学生科学的思维方法；学生在学习中应严谨求实，深入到问题深
scientific ways of thinking. On the other hand, students need
层的逻辑关系中，追求绝对（absolute）的真理。

to be objective and precise in their learning, going deep into the inner logic of the subject for absolute truth.
大学毕业一年后，我在中国农业大学谋得一份助教工作。

由于我
A year out of college, I found a job as a teaching assistant at China Agriculture University. As I had no teaching
毫无教学经验，不知道如何在学生面前树立教师的权威性，想到
experience, I did not know how to establish my authority in front of students, and the prospect of a classroom filled
满屋子学生向我投来好奇的目光，心里直打鼓。

然而，第一堂课上得
up with curious students terrified me. However, as it turned
out, the first class was quite a success. The students
非常成功。

同学们积极参与课堂讨论，表现得极为配合，各个充满热
participated actively in class discussion, and they appeared very cooperative and enthusiastic. Once, I found that a girl
情。

一次，我发现一个女生把手机号码留在了作业本上。

显然，她对
had left a cell phone number on her assignment. It was clear that she was displaying an interest in me and was conveying that
我有意，在向我主动传递信息。

可我无意与学生发展恋情。

因为如果
special message. But I did not want to develop a romantic relationship with a student, for if I did, my students would
那样，学生们就会失去对我的尊重。

他们会认为我是一个纨绔子弟，
no longer show any respect for me; they would think I had used my position to seduce the girl; and what's more, my students
在利用自己的职位勾引女生。

此外，学生们也会对我评分的客观公正
would doubt whether I could make any objective evaluation of them.
性产生怀疑。

因为学术研究要占据一个人大量的时间并耗费很多的精力，且不
Since academic research takes up a huge amount of one's time and energy and can not bring immediate economic return, some
能立即带来经济回报，大学里的一些教授就不愿意花时间做艰苦的研
professors in universities are not willing to take time with hard academic research, but focus on something else, even those
究工作，而把注意力放在其他的事情上，甚至放在与自己的工作毫不
that have little relation to their work. Having no time for research, but in order to get promoted, professors put their
相干的活动上。

没有时间做研究，但为了晋升(promotion)，教授们
names on some out-of-date research works after making some alterations and get them published as their own. That results
就把一些过了时的学术成果(academic works)做一些修改然后署上
in the academic plagiarism in some higher educational institutions.
自己的名字当作自己的作品发表，这就导致了一些高等教育机构里的
学术剽窃(academic plagiarism)现象。