考研英语常见疑难知识点精析

考研英语常见疑难知识点精析

准备考研英语是一个长期的、有规律的过程。按照常规，考研英语学习时间分为四个阶段：基础阶段、强化阶段、提高阶段和冲刺阶段。每个阶段都需要达到既定的目标，步步为营，稳扎稳打，这样才能提高成绩，考上理想的学校。暑期前为考研英语基础阶段，在这个阶段大家应该达到如下目标：

单词：熟练掌握基础词汇，基本掌握核心词汇。背单词重在遵循记忆规律，循环记忆，

多重复几遍，从而彻底攻克考研词汇。

语法：熟练掌握考研英语常考的核心语法知识点。能够划清长难句句子结构，抓住句子

重心和主干，基本理解句意;还要学会使用一些写作常用句型。

阅读理解：进行一定量的精读，初步认识考研阅读理解题目的特点，注意对文中长难句

的分析和基础词的引申义的把握。读懂每篇文章，找到读懂文章的乐趣和方法，克服畏

难情绪;积累和理解各种背景知识;通过做题训练分析问题和逻辑推理的能力。

完形填空：通过完形填空巩固词汇和语法，同时熟悉英语文章上下文逻辑。

以上是对于基础阶段的宏观总结，下面我们对一些考研英语常见疑难知识点进行精析：

1、从句中缺主语或宾语的时候，且先行词前有the only, the very等修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导该定语从句。

Shanghai is the very place that the foreigners are eager to visit.

从句中缺状语时，从句应该用关系副词或者介词+关系代词来引导。

Then the great day came when he was to march past the palace in the parade.

I will show you the store in which you may buy all you need.

2、介词after与look构成的固定词组中，介词after不可前置，再如：look at, look for, take care of等。

The babies whom the nurses look after are very healthy.

3、动词不定式和动名词的区别

动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语，在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作，动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。

4、现在分词、过去分词、动名词、不定式作定语的区别

1)作前置定语的情况。现在分词、过去分词、动名词可以作前置定语，而不定式不能作前置定语。如：

① a developing country, a developed country; boiling water, boiled water

现在分词一般具有主动、进行的特点，而过去分词一般则具有被动、完成的特点。a developing country=a country which is developing (发展中国家 );boiled water=water which has been boiled;a developed country=a country which has developed(发达国家)。但有一种特殊情况，过去分词有时也表示主动、完成，如a developed country=a country which has developed，a sunken ship=a ship which has sunken。

② building materials, a swimming pool

动名词作定语时，表示所修饰名词的功能：building materials=materials that are used to build houses;a swimming pool=a pool that is used to swim

2)作后置定语的情况，不定式、现在分词、过去分词都能作后置定语，不同的是：不定式作定语，表示动作正要进行(未发生);现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行(正在发生);过去分词作定语，表示动作已完成(已发生)。

5、现在分词完成时与现在分词的进行时

现在分词完成时having done,

Having lived in Beijing for quite a few years, Mr. Park had little difficulty understanding Chinese.

现在分词的进行时being done

The editorial being written now will appear in tomorrow’s newspaper.

6、whatever和no matter what区别

whatever和 no matter what在句中引导让步状语从句时可以互换，如：

Whatever/ No matter what subject we talked about, it seemed that he was expert at it.

We will carry the reform to the end whatever/ no matter what happens.

二者的区别是：no matter what只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句(如主语从句，宾语从句);whatever既可以引导状语从句，又可以引导名词性从句。

Whatever words I use can’t express my appreciation of your timely help.

(whatever引导主语从句，因此不能用no matter what替换)

Some college students are seen doing whatever work they can find to support themselves.

(whatever引导宾语从句，不能用no matter what替换)

7、名词从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。名词性从句使用正常语序。

The manager came over and asked the customer how the quarrel had come about.

(how the quarrel had come about作ask的宾语，使用陈述句语序)

What引导名词性从句，在从句中作主语或者宾语，that引导名词性从句，在从句中不充当成分。

Energy is what makes things work.(what在从句中作主语，如将what换为that，则从句缺主语)

下边给分析几个同学们认为比较难的句子：

1. Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition.

为了强调句子某一部分，或为了保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，英语常采用倒装方法。倒装可分为完全倒装和部分倒装。该句使用了完全倒装。正常语序是The picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition is emerging from the 1980 census.