2021届新高考版高考英语一轮复习教师用书：第2部分 专题七 定语从句

专题七　定语从句

考点1　关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词的用法★★★

典例1　[2019山西吕梁高三段考,46]Irresponsible drivers like to cut in on the road often make the drivers behind respond by suddenly braking.

句意:喜欢在路上强行超车的不负责任的司机常常使后面的司机突然刹车。空处引导定语从句,先行词是drivers,

指人, 且空处在从句中作主语,故可填who/that。

who/that

易混关系代词的辨析★★★

1.关系代词that与which

典例2　[2019江西吉安六校联考,63]All happens during early years can influence children for the rest

of their lives.

句意:所有早年发生的事情都可能影响孩子的余生。定语从句缺少主语,且先行词为不定代词All,故只能用关系代

词that。

that

典例3　[2019山东淄博段考,49]This was the most valuable opinion was given by a foreigner two centuries ago.

空处在此引导定语从句,先行词是opinion,指物,关系词在从句中充当主语,且先行词前有形容词最高级修饰,故只

能用关系代词that。

that

典例4　Peter and his car disappeared mysteriously in London in 1987 appeared mysteriously in New York in 1993.

分析句子结构可知," disappeared…in 1987"为定语从句,修饰先行词"Peter and his car",先行词既有人

又有物,定语从句用that来引导。

that

典例5　[2020江苏南京开学考,3]The land is known for a historical site with beautifully colored walls, on are painted the events of the past.

句意:这个地区以拥有美丽的彩色墙壁的历史遗迹而闻名,墙上画着过去发生的事情。分析句子结构可知,逗号后为

非限制性定语从句,先行词为walls,指物,且关系词位于介词后,故此处只能用关系代词which。注意:此处为使句子结构

平衡,定语从句使用了完全倒装。

which

2.关系代词which与as

典例6　I have never performed such a task you’ve asked me to do.

句意:我从来没做过你要我做的这种工作。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,并在从句中作do的宾语。先行

词task指物,且其前有such修饰,故此处用关系代词as引导定语从句。

as

考点2　关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词的基本用法★★★

典例7　So long as you stick to it, the moment you can have your dream come true will definitely come.

句意:只要你坚持,你能实现自己梦想的那一刻肯定会到来的。本空引导定语从句,修饰the moment,且在从句中

作时间状语,因此本空填关系副词when。

when

关系副词where的特殊用法★★★

典例8　New lawyers often come across various cases they really don’t know how to deal with tough situations in the beginning.

句意:新手律师一开始常常会遇到各种案件,在这些案件中他们真的不知道如何应对棘手的局面。本空引导定语从

句,修饰cases,并在从句中作状语,因此用where。

where

考点3　"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句

关系代词前介词的选择★★★

典例9　There are many occasions which you are left in a helpless situation, which you can depend on no one other than yourself.

句意:很多时候你处于无助的境地,在这种情况下,除了自己,你谁也依靠不了。第一空,此处用on which引导定语

从句修饰occasions,on many occasions表示"很多时候";第二空,此处用in which引导定语从句修饰situation,situation表示抽象的地点,其前常用介词in。因此第一空填on,第二空填in。

on; in

考点4　限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句中关系词的选用★★★

典例10　This city, lies in the northeast and I spent my childhood, has been one of the country’s busiest ports since the 1950s.

句意:这座城市位于东北部,是我度过童年的地方,自20世纪50年代以来就一直是这个国家最繁忙的港口之一。

根据句意和句子结构可知,这里两空都要用关系词引导非限制性定语从句,第一空用关系代词which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语(指物),第二空用where引导定语从句并在从句中作地点状语。

which;where

考法1 考查限制性定语从句

典例11　[2019全国Ⅲ,64] They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.

句意:它们受到主人的良好训练,它们的主人在照看这些动物方面有着丰富的经验。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引

导定语从句,且在从句中作主语,先行词是their masters,指人,故应用关系代词who或that。

who/that

考法总结　设空处无提示词,且空前为名词,空后为缺少主语的从句,由此可判断设空处填从句引导词;再根据句意判断,设空处引导的从句对their masters起限定作用,故此处为限制性定语从句。

考法2 考查非限制性定语从句

典例12　[2018北京,5]She and her family bicycle to work, helps them keep fit.