初中英语语法被动语态PPT

有些情况下动词的主动形式也可以表示被动意义。 一、表示“开始”；“结束”类的动词。常见 的这类动词有begin, start, open, close, end, finish, stop等。例如： School begins in September. The stores in this area open later at weekends than at weekdays. 二、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性 的动词。常见的这类动词有write, read, wear, wash, clean, sell, run, lock等。这些动词常 与副词或否定词连用。例如：
现在进行时： am / is / are being done 那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。 He told us the cat was being 过去进行时： was / were beingwashed done when 现在完成时： have / has been done we called him. The pen has been used for several years. 过去完成时： had been done 他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。 一般将来时： shall / will be done ; be going 这支钢笔已经用了几年。 He said the factory had been opened . to be done 他说这家工厂已经开张。 当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / must The work will be finished in thre来自百度文库 hours. / have to…be done
工作将于三小时后完成。 The baby must be looked after well. 这孩子必须被好好照顾。
在被动句中有时用by- 词组，有时不用。一般 来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重 要或难以说出时，通常不用by。但有时为了强 调动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则 必须使用 by 词组。例如： Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. 《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚写的。 (一) 主动句与被动句的转换 1．含有单宾语的主动句的转换：
People speak English almost all over the world. 世界各地都有人讲英语。
English is spoken almost all over the world. 当主动句的宾语是that引导的宾语从句， 可转换为两种形式的被动句。 1) 用先行的it作形式主语，把宾语从句变成 后置的主语从句； 2) 把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同 时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。
I. Rewrite the following sentences in the passive voice.(用被动语态改写下列各句)： 1) They are serving breakfast between eight and ten o’clock.
Breakfast is being served between eight and ten o’clock.
3. 含有介词动词的主动句的转换。
They have never listened to him. 人家从不听 He has never been listened to.他的话。 表示被动意义的主动句：
Cotton feels soft. 棉花摸上去很柔软。 Ripe apples pick easily. 熟了的苹果容易摘下来。
Some instructions will be given to you. You will be given some instructions. II. Rewrite the following sentences in the active voice. (用主动语态改写下 列句子)
4) The teacher will give you some instructions.
2) People were talking about the unusually hot weather. The unusually hot weather was being talked about .
3) His father allows him a little money every month. A little money is allowed to him by his father every month.
People believe that he is an honest boy. 大家 认为他是个诚实的孩子。 It is believed that he is an honest boy. The boy is believed to be an honest one. 2.含有双宾语的主动句的转换 I gave the book to Mr. Smith yesterday. 昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。 The book was given to Mr. Smith yesterday ( by me). Mr. Smith was given a book yesterday (by me).
1) Many changes can be seen by the year 2008. People can see many changes by the year 2008.
2) This letter needn’t to be typed.
You needn’t type this letter.
动词的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动 词的过去分词”构成。当主动句变为被 动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来 的主语变成了介词by 的宾语。主动句与 被动句的结构虽然不同，但动作的执行 者和承受者的关系并没有改变。
He is regarded as a brilliant. 他被认为很有才气。 This book was written in 1969. 一般现在时： am / is / are done 这本书是 1969 年写成的。 一般过去时： was / were done The broken bike is being repaired now.