英语句子成分和句子结构分析

英语句子成分和句子结构分析之杨若古兰创作语法讲解1
认识语法
一、英语语法分为两大部分
词法（微观遣词）；句法（宏观造句）
01词法（微观遣词）
1. 实词：有实际意义的词.
名词n.：表事物名称
动词vi./vt.：行为，动态.
vi.不及物动词，本人可以表达完好意义，后面不须要带宾语
vt.及物动词，本人没法表达完好意义，后面必须带宾语描述词adj.：润色n.
代词Pron.：代替n.
数词num.：表数量（基数词），表顺序（序数词）
2. 实词：没有实际意义的词.
介词prep.：说明词与词之间的关系
连词conj.：说明句子与句子之间的关系
冠词art.：在n.前，限制n.
感叹词int.：表达感叹
02句法（宏观造句）
5.句子的类型：简单句，并列句，复合句
6.复合句：名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句
二、语法四大准绳
1. 词性决定词用
2. 同类同用
同品种型的词，用法不异，越细分，越分歧
3. 动词即句魂
句子里最主要的是谓语，谓语部分最主要的就是动词4. 举一反三
由表及里，发掘句子结构，归属；认识句籽实质，由点及面，放大到句群.
语法精讲2
The sun(名词n.) rises in the east.
We(代词pron.) are friends
Twenty years(数词num.) is a short time in history.
Seeing（动名词）is believing
To be a teacher (不定式)is my dream
What he needs (句子)is a book 主语从句
It （方式主语）is time to go home（真实的主语）方式
主语是为坚持句子平衡
谓语：暗示主语的行为或形态，经常使用动词或动词词组担任，放在主语的后面
Westudy(实意动词) English！
I can（情态动词） do it!
I don’t（助动词） know!
He is（系动词） asleep.
宾语：暗示谓语行为的对象，常由名词，代词或相当于名词的词担任，普通放在及物动词或者介词以后.
I play with him(代词)
I like china （名词）
How many do you need? —— we need two（数词）
I enjoy working with you （动名词）
I hope to see you again（不定式）
Did you write down what he said ?（句子）
Under the snow（介宾短语）,there are many rocks.
He gave me（间接宾语）a book（直接宾语）yesterday
表语：用来说明主语的性质或形态，普通由名词或者描述词担任.凡是系动词(be 动词,感官动词等)出现的地方，后面肯定带着表语
He is a teacher(名词)
Seventy-four !you don’t look it（代词）
Five and five is ten（数词）
He is asleep（描述词）
This picture is on the wall（介词短语）
My watch is missing/lost （描述词化的分词）
To wear a flower is to say“I’m poor ,I can’t buy a ring”(不定式)
The question is whether they will come（句子）
语法精讲3
定语：用来润色或者限制名词的成分，经常使用描述词或者相当于描述词的短语或者从句担任，描述词放在名词前面.相当于描述词的短语或者从句放在名词后面.
He is a clever boy
This is an apple tree
There are ten students in our class
She is Tom’s sister
He bought some sleeping pills
The girl in red is his sister
We have a lot of work to do
The girl standing under the tree is his daughter
Do you know the man who spoke just now.
状语：用来说明动词，描述词，副词或者全部句子的成分.常由副词担任.润色动词可放动词前，也可放在动词后；润色描述词或者副词时放在他们前面.动词的八个形态：时间，地点，缘由，形态，目的，结果，方式，程度
The students study hard
I often write to him
He wrote with a red pencil
He went to see a film
The students went away laughing
I’ll write to you as soon as I get there .
补语：暗示弥补说明，老是跟着宾语跑
I found a book lying on the floor.
Do you smell something burning?
She asked me to go with her.
独立成分：同位语，感叹语
Bruce，my English teacher ,is a cool man
That’s great!
语法精讲4
简单句的5种基本结构
通过一个恋爱故事把握5种简单句.
1，主语+谓语：She comes.
2，主语+系动词+表语 She is lovely.
3，主语+谓语+宾语 I love her.
4，主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 I gave her a rose.
5，主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 I made her happy.
三大句子结构类型
1，简单句
Frank and Eric are good friends.
I make and have breakfast.
2，并列句
I like English , but I don’t like math.
I hate grammar,while he loves it.
3，复合句
What she does is not good.
The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.
When you finish the work,you may go out to play with Sam.语法精讲5
简单句
Tom’s father bought him a new bike yesterday.
I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
The man over there is my old friend.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather.
Kate’s uncle lives in a village.
He studies hard to learn English well.
Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
John’s father ,Mr black ,is a lawyer.
We always go to school early.
He always makes me cry in this situation.
并列句
句子+句子，并列关系
You help him and he helps you.
Hurry up,or you’ll be late .
I am thirsty,for it is hot.
复合句
一个句子在另一个句子里充当了必定的成分.句子套句子,主从关系
What she likes is watching TV. 主语从句
Do you know how much the house is. 宾语从句
That is what I want to tell you. 表语从句
It’s a questi on how he did it. 同位语从句
The man whom you talk with is my friend. 定语从句
If I am free,I will go shopping . 条件状语从句
四种句子类型：
01
陈述句（肯定，否定）
疑问句（普通，特殊，选择，反义）
祈使句：命令，请求，请求.普通会略去主语，动词开头
感叹句：how/what 开头
How clever the boy is ! What a nice day it is!。