英语句子结构分析PPT

❖e.g. August is the time of the year for
rice harvest, so every day I work from
dawn until dark.
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3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的 句子。
从句包括名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从 句、表语从句和同位语从句） 定语从句和状语从句等。
② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given
by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without
the teacher's help is very difficult.
I hope to see you again. （不定式）
Did you write down what he said? （宾语从
句）
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2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介 宾
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾 （指物）
pronunciation. ❖ ④ How many new words did you learn last
class? ❖ ⑤ Some of the students in the school want
10. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it? 复合句
11. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country
music.
简单句
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句子成分和句子结构
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❖ 简单句的五个基本句型 ❖ 主语 ＋ 不及物动词
She came. ❖ 主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语
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4. 宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词
或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。 如：
I like China. （名词）
He hates you. （代词）
How many do you need? We need two. （数 词）
I enjoy working with you. （动名词）
（数词）
He is asleep.
（形容词）
His father is in.
（副词）
The picture is on the wall.
(介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的 分词）
The question is whether they will come. （表语
tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim? ③ The leaves have turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested
in the subject. ⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
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(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
❖ Where there is a will, there is a way.
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Exercises 判断句型
❖ 1.Having finished his homework, the boy went on to help his mother.
(简单句划线部分在句中作状语，修饰 整个句子)
❖ 2. What he says doesn’t suit what he does.
❖ Tom and Mike are American boys.
❖ She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
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❖ 我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰，给 名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰，给句子 加上状语进行修饰等，以使整个句子的意 思变得更加的丰富和充实。但不管如何变 ，都只有一个主谓结构。
(复合句包含两个名词性从句：What he says
是一个主语从句；what he does 是一个宾语
从句)
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❖3. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 简单句
❖4. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 复合句
8. My brother and I go to school at
half past seven in the morning and
come back home at seven in the
evening.
简单句
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9. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 并列句
❖ The teacher asked me to read the passage. ❖ （ There +be There is a book on the desk.
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1. 主语（subject）：句子的中心词，说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主语从句）
❖5. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there? 简单句
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6. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 并列句
7. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 复合句
A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon 19
3. 表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分， 表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher.
（名词）
You don’t look it.
（代词）
Five and five is ten.
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money 24
❖ (四) 挑出下列句中的宾语 ❖ ① My brother hasn't done his homework. ❖ ② People all over the world speak English. ❖ ③ You must pay good attention to your
❖ 3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, yet, while等。
❖e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
❖ 4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for等。
Her voice sounds sweet.
Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious.
The food tastes good.
The door remains open.
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Now I feel tired.
(三) 挑出下列句中的表语 ① The old man was feeling very
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2.谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主
语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在 主语的后面。
We study English. He is asleep. (二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer
句子的基本结构
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句子种类两种分类法
按句子的用途可分四种：
1）陈述句（肯定、否定）： He is six years old. 2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：
Do they like skating? How old is he? Mary can swim, can’t she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys.
句型
主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句
❖e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of
pictures when they were at the Great
Wall.
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❖ 复合句就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的句 子。这种结构中，必定有一个主谓结构是句子 的主句部分，而另一个主谓结构则是句子的次 要部分，即从句部分。