猪生产和猪群健康管理

Genetic Improvement 遗传改良
• Selection of individuals with desired traits
– Select traits that are economically important
• 选择拥有所需性状的个体 • Record keeping
– Many different computer programs – Essential to maintain identity of individual pigs – Allows to visualize and predict improvements
• Increased semen production
• 精液数量有所增加
Most Common Canadian Pig Breeds
加拿大最常用的三品种杂交生产体系
Paternal 终端父本
Duroc 杜洛克
X Maternal 母系
Landrace 长白
= Market Hogs 商品猪
X
Heilongjiang 黑龙江
• • • • • • • • • 460, 000 km2 460, 000平方公里 37 million people 3700万人口 83 people/km2 每平方公里83个人 1.4 million sows 140万头母猪 15.8 million market hogs per year • 年出栏1580万头肥猪
• Decreased normal behaviour
• 减少了正常的活动
• Weaker muscles and bones
• 降低了肌肉及骨胳的性能
Gestation Sow Housing 怀孕母猪舍
Group Housing 群养
• Variable 数量不定 • Allows normal movement & behaviour
• 记录保存－ 计算机计划 • Continued monitoring of data/animals and improvements • 对动物相关数据及性状提高进行持续的监测
Farm Systems 农场系统
• Farrow to Finish 仔猪－育肥猪 – Breeding, farrowing, nursery, finishing all at same site/farm
– 种猪，仔猪，保育猪，育肥猪都在同一个地点/农场
• Two site unit 两点式养殖 – One site has breeding, farrowing, +/- nursery
– 一点饲养种猪，仔猪和保育猪
– Other site has finishing, +/- nursery
– 另一点饲养育肥猪，保育猪 • Three sites 三点式养殖
• 母猪可以正常活动
• Increased fighting and aggression
• 增加了打架及攻击的机会
• Variable feed intake consistency
• 不确定的采食量
• Stronger bones and muscles
• 拥有强壮的肌肉及骨胳
Electronic Sow Feeder 母猪电子饲喂器
Swine Production and Herd Health Management 猪生产和猪群健康管理 Kurt Preugschas 张克特
My Background（我的背景）
• Grew up on a family run 800 sow nucleus herd with 3 hired employees • 生长于一个拥有 800 头核心母猪群场 并雇佣了三个员工的家庭 • I was involved in management and the genetic selection program • 负责猪场管理及猪群遗传选育计划 • 3 years in university taking Bachelor of Science in Agriculture • 在农业大学学习三年并获得学士学位 • 2 years in Western College of Veterinary Medicine • 在沙省西部兽医学院进修了 2 年
• 不同阶段的猪只生活在同一 区域
All-in-all-out 全进全出
• Small airspace 小的区域 • Pigs all of same age and size
• 猪只处于相同生长阶段
• Increase risk of disease transmission
• 增加了传播疾病的风险
Genetic Improvement 遗传改良
• Performance testing 性状检测
– Estimated Breeding Value (EBV) program
评估预计育种值计划
• • • • Measure of the genetic value of an animal (its value as a parent) Excellent tool to select genetically superior animals for mating Compares all pigs in Canada Most important traits are growth rate, backfat, lean muscle, litter size • Many factors influence performance of animals – Environment – temperature, space, social rank – Physical – appetite, condition, weight – Management – diet, water, feeding program • Sire Line Index – growth rate, feed conversion, lean muscle • Dam Line Index – litter size, growth rate, feed conversion
• 更加有效的管理
Gestation Sow Housing 怀孕母猪舍
Stalled Housing 定位栏
• Easy management
• 便于管理
• Prevents aggression
• 预防猪群间互相攻击
• Ensures feeding consistency
• 保证采食量的均衡
• 母猪拥有了锻炼及实现其群体性的选择
• Best of stalls and group housing systems
• 最好的栏舍及群养系统
Ventilation 通风
• Good ventilation system essential to maintain health and performance of pigs
Baidu Nhomakorabea Pig Breeds 种猪选育
• Maternal 母本
– – – – – – – – – – Landrace X Yorkshire = F1 长白 X 约克夏 = F1代母猪 High fecundity and mothering ability 高繁殖力，母性好 Duroc, Pietrain, Hampshire 杜洛克，皮特兰，汉普夏 Duroc X Lacombe = Trailblazer 杜洛克 X 拉康姆猪 = 型杂交猪 Growth, carcass and meat quality 成长性，胴体及瘦肉品质
• 为了保持猪群的健康及良好性能，完善的通风系统是必须的。
Alberta, Canada 加拿大, 阿尔伯达
Bloomsbury, Alberta, Canada
加拿大阿尔伯达省布隆斯伯里
Alberta versus Heilongjiang 阿尔伯达与黑龙江对比
Alberta 阿尔伯达
• • • • • • • • • 650, 000 km2 650, 000平方公里 3.5 million people 350万人口 5 people/km2 每平方公里5个人 205, 000 sows 205, 000头母猪 3.2 million market hogs per year • 年出栏320万头肥猪
Gestation Sow Housing 怀孕母猪舍
Combination Housing
结合式饲养
• The future of sow housing
• 母猪饲养的未来
• Allows independent and stress-free eating
• 达到了独立及自由采食
• Gives option to get exercise and socialize
• Use high performance genetics 应用高遗传力
– Pigs that have the ability to perform if managed correctly • Breeding program 育种计划 – Mating pigs with the desired or complementary traits • Rate of improvement depends on 改良进度： – Selection intensity (fewer and better animals = more progress) – Heritability of traits (higher = more progress) – Generation interval (faster turnover of herd = more progress)
• Terminal sire 终端父本
Duroc 杜洛克
Trailblazer boar 新型杂交公猪
Terminal sire 终端父本
=
X
Lacombe 拉康姆猪
Market hogs 商品猪
X
Landrace 长白
=
F1 gilts/sows F1 后备/母猪
Maternal line 母系
• By room: multiple rooms in 1 building
• 猪舍：一个场区有大量相同的猪舍
• By building: entire building
• 场区：完整统一
• Decreased ability to clean
• 降低了消毒的功效
• More efficient management
=
F1 Y x L gilt 二元杂交后备母猪
Yorkshire 大白
Genetic Pyramid 遗传金字塔
Genetic Nucleus – Purebreds 遗传核心－纯种
Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc, Lacombe, etc.
长白，约克夏，杜洛克，拉康姆等等。
X
=
Yorkshire 约克夏
Advantages of Trailblazer for Terminal Sire 新型杂交猪做为终端父本的优势
• Excellent meat quality • 优良的猪肉品质 • Optimum heterosis • 完美的杂交优势 • Easy boar handling • 公猪易于管理
Multiplier – Produce F1 杂交繁育 F1 代母猪
Landrace X Yorkshire = F1 长白 X 约克夏 = F1 代母本
Commercial – Market hogs 商品猪
F1 X Terminal sire F1 X 终端父本
Genetic Improvement 遗传改良
– One site has breeding and farrowing
– 一点饲养种猪和仔猪
– One site has nursery
– 一点饲养保育猪
– One site has finishing
– 一点饲养育肥猪
Pigflow 养猪模式
Continuous flow
全程饲养
• Different ages in same large airspace