猪群健康管理技术实录(ppt)

Epidemiology流行病学
• Adult animals excrete virus for much shorter periods of time (14 days) 成年家畜排泄病毒的时间短得多（14天） • PRRSV may infect fetuses from mid pregnancy onwards and is excreted in salvia, colostrum and milk. PRRS病毒可感染妊娠中期以后的胎儿童乐园，并且能 够通过唾液、乳以及初乳扩散。 • Maternal antibody – short duration (5-10 days) 母原抗体 – 持续时间短暂（5至10天）
Clinical Signs临床症状
Acute Disease 急性
• Reproductive losses and a decreased farrowing rate分娩率下降，繁殖功能丧失 • Early farrowings, at 105 to 112 days 妊娠105至112天早产 • Increase in stillborn, mummified and weak live born pigs 产死胎、木乃伊胎及弱仔数增 加
Dead pig
Introduction引言
• is caused by a virus 是一种病毒病 • classified as an arterivirus as recently as 1991 直到1991年才确定病源为动脉炎病毒科的一种 病毒 • been first recognized in the USA in the mid 1980‘s and was called Mystery swine disease or blue ear disease. 80年代中期在美国首次发现，被称为神秘猪病 或蓝耳病
Strep /ADV
Mycoplasma
Epidemiology 流行病学
• The virus is spread by nasal secretions, saliva, feces and urine 病毒通过鼻腔分泌物、唾液、粪和尿传播 • field studies suggest it can be airborne for up to 3km (2 miles) 野外研究证明在3公里（2英里）范围内这种病可经由空气转播 • A carrier state exists in the pig that can last for 2-3 months 猪体带毒状态可持续2-3月 • Artificial insemination can be a potential method of spread if semen is used when the virus is present in the blood (viremia) 如果血液中存在病毒（毒血症），那么通过人工受精也可能传播 病毒
Clinical Signs 临床症状
Farrowing Sows 分娩母猪
• Lethargy. 精神不振。 • Respiratory signs. 呼吸系统症状。 • Mummified piglets. 10-15% may die in the last 3-4 weeks of pregnancy. 木乃伊胎。10-15％胎儿死于妊娠最后3-4周。 • Stillbirth levels increase up to 30%. 产死胎率增至30％。 • Very weak piglets at birth. 新生仔猪极度虚弱。
Stillborn
Mummified Fetus
Edema
Clinical Signs临床症状
Acute Disease 急性 • Increased pre-weaning mortality often associated with increase in bacterial infections for example scour and greasy pig disease 断奶前死亡率增加，常伴随其 它细菌性感染，如：腹泻、油猪病等。 • Increased numbers of unthrifty pigs post weaning 断 奶后僵猪数量增多 • Increased nursery mortality often associated with an increase in bacterial infections for example postweaning scours and meningitis 保育阶段死亡率增
加，常由于有细菌感染，如：断奶后下痢、脑 膜炎等
Clinical Signs 临床症状
Chronic Disease – Neonatal pigs 慢性 – 新生仔猪
• Respiratory Distress 呼吸困难 • Unthrifty and failure to thrive 生长缓慢，僵猪 • Increased secondary bacterial infections- scour and pneumonia 二次细菌感染增多 – 下痢、脑膜炎
Clinical Signs 临床症状
Farrowing Sows 产仔母猪
• Inappetence over the farrowing period. 产仔阶段食欲不振 • A reluctance to drink. 不愿饮水 • Agalactia and mastitis. 无乳症、乳房炎 • Farrowings are often 2-3 days early. 常提前2至3天分娩。 • Discoloration of the skin and pressure sores associated with small vesicles. 由于局部坏死造成皮肤变色，压痛。
Swine Health Management Factsheet 猪群健康管理技术实录 PRRS 猪繁殖呼吸综合症
Dr. Jim Fairles 范如杰博士 Herd Health Specialist动物健康专家 China Canada Animal Health IniLeabharlann Baiduiative中加 动物健康启动项目
Clinical Signs 临床症状
Ear
Introduction引言
• Attacks macrophages (immune defense cell) and destroys them 攻击并破坏巨噬细胞（免疫防御细胞） • Up to 40% of the macrophages are destroyed 破坏巨噬细胞比例可达40％之多 • removes a major part of the bodies defense mechanism and allows bacteria and other viruses to proliferate and do damage 机体防御机制的重要功能丧失，使得细菌以及 其它病毒得以增殖并导致破坏。
Clinical Signs 临床症状
• • • •
Chronic Disease – Growing pigs 慢性 – 生长猪 Increased mortality 死亡率升高 Decreased appetite 食欲减退 Fever 发烧 Rough hair coat, unthrifty pigs 被毛杂乱，生长缓慢 • Increased respiratory problems, pneumonia and atrophic rhinitis 呼吸系统问题，肺炎、萎缩性鼻炎 • Increased secondary bacterial infections for example meningitis, Greasy pig disease 二次细菌性感染增多，例如脑膜炎、油猪病等
Clinical Signs 临床症状
Dry Sows 干奶母猪
• Some sows farrow slightly early. 10-15% over the first 4 weeks. 轻微早产。感染前4周10-15%母猪表现此症状 • Increased returns occur 21-35 days postservice. 配种后21-35天的返情率增加。 • Prolonged anoestrus and delayed returns to heat post-weaning. 间情期拖长，断奶后延迟发情。 • Coughing and respiratory signs 咳嗽以及其它呼吸系统症状
Methods of Spread 传播方式
• Movement of carrier pigs. 带毒猪只的转移 • Airborne transmission up to 3km (2 miles). 最远3公里的空气传播 • Mechanical means via feces, dust, droplets and contaminated equipment. 通过粪便、灰尘、飞沫以及污染器具等机械途径传播 • Contaminated boots and clothing. 病毒污染的鞋和衣物 • Vehicles especially in cold weather. 交通工具（尤其是天气寒冷的时候） • Artificial insemination but only if the boar is viremic. This period is probably only 3-4 days. 当毒血症出现时，可通过人工授精传播。此阶段大概只有3至4天 • The mallard duck and probably other species of birds are carriers 野鸭等鸟类可携带病毒
Clinical Signs 临床症状
Dry Sows 干奶母猪 • Short periods of inappetence spreading over 7-14 days - 10-15% of sows at any one time. 短期的食欲不振，持续7-14天，其间任一时间都有 10-15%的母猪表现出症状 • The body temperature may be elevated from 3940º (103-105º 体温可升至39～40º C F). C • Abortions, often late term, may occur at a 1-6% level. These are often the first signs to be noted. 流产，通常在妊娠后期，流产比例1-6％。这通常是最 先表现的症状。 • Transient discoloration of the ears may be seen (2% level. Blue ear disease). 耳部短暂变色（2％。蓝耳病）。
Macrophage
Introduction引言
• E.g. - noticeable increase in severity of enzootic pneumonia in grower/finisher units when they become infected with PRRS virus 例如，生长肥育阶段感染PRRS病毒后可明显增 加地方性肺炎发病的严重程度 • increase can occur in clinical cases of meningitis in herds in which virulent Streptococcus suis type 2 is enzootic 在地方性二型猪链球菌病存在的情况下，PRRS 可增加脑膜炎的临床病例