重型货车减速器设计

摘要

汽车主减速器是驱动桥最重要的组成部分，其功用是将万向传动装置传来的发动机转矩传递给驱动车轮，是汽车传动系中减小转速、增大扭矩的主要部件。对发动机纵置的汽车来说，主减速器还有改变动力传输方向的作用。与国外相比，我国的车用减速器开发设计不论在技术上、制造工艺上，还是在成本控制上都存在不小的差距，尤其是齿轮制造技术缺乏独立开发与创新能力，技术手段落后。目前比较突出的问题是，行业整体新产品开发能力弱、工艺创新及管理水平低，企业管理方式较为粗放，相当比例的产品仍为中低档次，缺乏有国际影响力的产品品牌，行业整体散乱情况依然严重。本课题设计的是重型货车双级减速器，它由两对齿轮副组成，i0较大，可以增大离地间隙，提高了汽车的通过性，本文首先确定主要部件的结构型式和主要设计参数；然后参考类似驱动桥的结构，确定出总体设计方案；最后对主，从动锥齿轮的强度进行校核以及对支承轴承进行了寿命校核。本文采用双曲面锥齿轮作为重型货车的主减速器，希望这能作为一个课题继续研究下去。

总体来说，车用减速器发展趋势和特点是向着六高、二低、二化方向发展，即高承载能力、高齿面硬度、高精度、高速度、高可靠性、高传动效率，低噪声、低成本，标准化、多样化。

关键字：重型货车驱动桥双级减速器锥齿轮

Abstract

The automobile main gear box is the driving axle most important constituent, its function is the motor torque which transmits the rotary transmission device transmits for actuates the wheel, is in the automobile power transmission reduces the rotational speed, to increase the torque the major component. The automobile which vertical sets to the engine, the main gear box also has the change power transmission direction function. With overseas compares, our country's Che Y ong reduction gear development design, no matter technically, in fabrication technology, has not the small disparity in the cost control, particularly the gear technique of manufacture lacks the independent development and innovation ability, the technological means is backward. At present the quite prominent question is, profession whole new product development ability is weak, the craft innovation and the management level are low, the business management way is more extensive, perspective's product still for the low scale, deficient had the international influence product brand, the profession whole scattered in disorder situation is still serious. This topic is designed two-stage reducer heavy truck, which formed by the two pairs of gears, i0 greater ground clearance can be increased to improve the car's passing ability, this paper identify the main components of the structure type and the main design parameters ; and then refer to a similar drive axle of the structure, determine the overall design scheme; Finally, the driving and driven bevel gears and check the strength of the life of the supporting bearings checked. In this paper, double-curved bevel gear reducer as the main heavy truck, hoping that this will be pursued as a topic.

Generally speaking, the vehicle is turns toward six high, two low, two directions with the reduction gear trend of development and the characteristic to develop, namely high bearing capacity, high tooth face degree of hardness, high accuracy, high velocity, redundant reliability, high transmission efficiency, low noise, low cost, standardization, diversification.

Keywords: Heavy truck drive axle Doublestage reducer bevel gear