考研英语真题学习考研英语长难句300句 (15)

考研英语真题学习考研英语长难句300句 (15)
考研英语真题学习考研英语长难句300句 (15)

2004 Part A Text 2

6. This,for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage,refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.

【译文】对于尚未意识到其不利之处的人来说,它指的是对那些姓氏起头字母位于字母表后半部的人的歧视。

【析句】句子的主干是this refers to discrimination。for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage是一个作状语的介词短语,unaware of such a disadvantage作those的定语。全句的宾语是discrimination+介词短语(against those),whose surnames…the alphabet是修饰those的定语从句。

【讲词】 refer作不及物动词意思是“参考,查询”。For further information, please refer to our website.(如需了解详情,请浏览我们的网站。)另一个常用的意思表示“提及,谈及”。He was referring to his experiences in Tibet.(他正谈及他在西藏的经历。)

discriminate(或discrimination)表示歧视常跟介词against。注意discriminate (或discrimination)的基本意思是“区别对待”,有时表示to be able to tell the difference(s)。You must in your writing discriminate between facts and opinions.或You must in your writing discriminate facts from opinions.(你在写作时应该分清事实和观点。)

7. It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA Cars has a big advantage over Zodiac Cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.

【译文】人们早已知道在客户翻阅电话簿时,名叫AAAA的出租汽车公司要比Zodiac 出租汽车公司有更大的优势。

【析句】It has long been known that…是一个固定句式,意思是“人们早就知道……”。其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是that从句。而从句本身又是一个复合句,主句是a taxi firm called AAAA Cars has a big advantage over Zodiac Cars,其中分词结构called AAAA cars 是后置定语,修饰firm。句末的when 引导一个时间状语从句。

【讲词】 advantage表示“优势,有利条件”,例如:It is to your advantage to invest wisely.(明智地投资对你很有利。)A better education gave us the advantage.(良好的教育使我们处于有利地位。)如果用于比较,advantage后面跟over。

thumb(拇指),在句中意为“用拇指翻书”。实际上,表示人体主要器官的英文单词都可以作动词,如head,eye,nose,hand,arm,foot等。如to arm oneself意为“把自己武装起来”。

8. Thus the American president and vice president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush s predecessors(including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half.

【译文】因而,美国总统和副总统的姓氏分别是以B和C字母起头。乔治·布什的前任有二十六位(包括其父)的姓氏均在字母表的前半部,而姓氏在字母表后半部的却仅有十六位。

【析句】该句由两个单句组成。在第一个单句中,宾语surnames后接一个作定语的分词结构starting with B and C respectively。在第二个单句中,宾语紧跟的介词结构in the first half of the alphabet作定语。against在此的意思是“与之相比”,against just 16 in the second half意思是against just 16 of George Bush spredecessors who had surnames in the second half of the alphabet。

【讲词】 predecessor(前任)的反义词是successor(继任)。应该记住两个的动词形式和形容词形式,分别是precede/succeed,preceding/succeeding。

9. Can this merely be coincidence? One theory,dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged,is that the rot sets in early.

【译文】这仅仅是巧合吗?按字母表顺序排名靠后的人在享受闲暇时光时凭空想出一种理论,认为这种倒霉事老早就开始了。

【析句】问句之后的句子由于插入了一个过去分词引导的定语成分而显得复杂。dreamt up… disadvantaged作定语,修饰theory。而在这个过去分词结构中又套了一个过去分词结构enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged,说明所谓的all the spare time。

【讲词】 coincidence表示“一致,巧合”,例如:What a coincidence that I was in Paris at the same time as you!(真巧,我在巴黎时你也正在那里!)

rot表示“腐烂”,既是动词也是名词。the rot sets in是成语,表示“事情节节失利”或“倒霉的事情不断发生”。

disadvantaged前面如加定冠词,则表示某一类人,the alphabetically disadvantaged指按字母顺序排列不利的人。按字母排列有时甚至会产生政治问题。据说日本就因为不愿看到朝鲜(韩国)按英语字母排序在前而把其英文名Corea改成Korea,这样就排在日本(Japan)的后面。阅读英文报章,我们会看到the economically dis / advantaged以及the politically dis /advantaged。

10. Shortlists for job interviews,election ballot papers,lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically,and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.

【译文】求职面试、选举投票、会议发言或参加会议等诸多名单,都是按字母表顺序排序的。当人们顺着名单费劲找人时兴趣也会变得索然了。

【析句】该句由两个分句组成,第一个分句是all tend to be drawn up alphabetically,第二个分句是and their recipients… plough through them。冒号前的三个名词短语(S hortlists… speakers and attendees)是第一个分句主语all的同位语。在第二个分句中,as引导一个时间状语从句。

【讲词】 shortlist表示“候选名单”或“备选名单”。ballot表示“选票,投票”,既可作动词,也可作名词,与vote的意思和用法差不多,但它可以表示“投票的总数”。

a secret ballot(秘密投票)。

plough作名词意为“犁”,作动词表示“犁,耕;费力穿行”。plough through在句中意为对照名单费力寻找某个人的姓名。

历年考研英语真题长难句解析

1. Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have. 【译文】事实并非如此,因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的,而这种共同认识并不存在。 【析句】这是一个主从复合句,主语是it isn't,省略了表语,完整的说法是it isn't a useful, ground-clearing way to start. because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights是一个表示原因的状语从句,其表语an agreed account of human rights跟了一个定语从句which is something the world doesn't have。注意状语从句中的主语it指代上文的the question,it assumes意思是“这种问题(问法)是假定的”。 【讲词】account一词的正确理解是翻译的关键。an agreed account of human rights意思是“an agreed understanding of human rights”。 agreed意为“一致的”。This is the agreed price at which the stock will be traded.(这是股票交易的约定价格。)They met at the agreed time.(他们按约定时间见面。) 2. Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. 【译文】有些哲学家论证说,权利只存在在于社会契约中,是责任与权益相交换的一部分。 【析句】Some philosophers argue是句子的主干,宾语是一个从句,介词短语as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements是rights的后置定语。 【讲词】social contract意为“社会契约”,也可译为“民约论”或“社会契约论”,指社会成员之间或政府与人民之间确定和限制各自权利和义务的协议。 duty意为“义务,职责”,与obligation和responsibility同义。obligation通常指特定原因而产生的具体限制,responsibility强调履行义务,duty指出于道德或伦理的考虑而受到的限制。 entitle的基本意思是“给……题名,给……称号;给予……权利; 使……有资格(做某事)”。 I think she is entitled to praise.(我看她值得赞扬。) The book is entitled Natural Cancer Treatments.(这本书的名称是《癌症自然疗法》。) The civil servants in our country are entitled to free medical care.(我们国家的公务员享受免费医疗。)而entitlements意为“权利”。 3. It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans,or with no consideration at all. 【译文】这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端,它使人们认为应这样对待动物:要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅,要么完全冷漠无情。 【析句】主句是It leads the discussion to extremes,at the outset作时间状语。冒号后面的成分是对主句进一步说明,其宾语是一个that引导的从句,而在这个从句中,either…or…是一个介词短语,作方式状语。

2018考研英语长难句小练精讲2_毙考题

2018考研英语长难句小练精讲2 1句精讲: Parents claimed more positive emotions and more meaning in their lives than non-parents, and a closer look revealed it was fathers who most enjoyed these benefits. 【分析】 ●Parents 是主语,claimed是谓语动词,宾语是positive emotions and more meaning in their lives的并列结构,其中more… than…构成了比较级。 ●And 构成了并列句连接,后面分句中a closer look是主语,revealed是谓语,宾语从句it was fathers who most enjoyed these benefits 本身也是一个it was…who…. 构成的强调句。●these benefits 指代前方的more positive emotions and more meaning in their lives。 【词汇】 ●claim v. 声称,断言 ●a closer look 仔细观察 【译文】 相比那些还没做父母的人,为人父母者具有更积极的情感和生活也更有意义。通过更加仔细的观察,可以发现父亲在上述方面更明显。 2句精讲: Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term downshifting has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. 【分析】 ●本句主干是my experiment... has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality。注意其谓语是一个turn sth. into sth.的结构。 ●前面两个逗号之间的是时间状语。主语的修饰部分in what the Americans term downshifting ,此处的难点是term用作动词,term A. B.把…说成…,此处的A就是放置前方的what。 【词汇】 ●term n.学期,条款,术语;v.把…称为 ●tired excuse老掉牙的借口 【译文】 奇怪的是,我在大约两年半的时间里完成两本小说之后,我这个被美国人称为放慢生活节奏的试验已经将我老掉牙的借口变成了确凿的现实。[由于本句截取,中文意思会有些断章取义] 3句精讲: It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. 【分析】 ●本句是简单句,it主语,serves….. to assist为谓语部分,a rapid distribution of goods是宾语,at reasonable price是状语,后面紧接and连接的两个分词结构,做伴随状语:第一个结构是动宾结构,第二个结构是make it adj. to do sth. it作形式宾语,provide for export at competitive prices是真正的宾语。 【词汇】 ●serve to用于 ●distribution n.分配 【译文】它能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格被迅速分销出去,因此可以建立一个稳固

考研英语真题学习考研英语长难句300句

2005 Part A Text 2 6. Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive,the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?人生中最幸福的就是身体健康 【译文】还记得科学家们宣扬吸烟会致人死亡,而那些怀疑者们却坚持认为我们无法对此得出定论的时候吗?还记得怀疑者们坚持认为缺乏决定性的证据,科学也不确定的时候吗?还记得怀疑者们坚持认为反对吸烟的游说是决心摧毁我们的生活方式,而政府应该置身事外的时候吗? 【析句】这里有三个问句,第一个问句的结构比较明了,而后两个问句则省略了Do you remember… insisted,只有两个由that引导的宾语从句。注意英语中,常会省略并列结构中的相同成分。 【讲词】 lobby作名词时意为“大厅”,作动词时表示“游说”。The President lobbied the bill through Congress.(总统游说国会通过这项提案。)作动词的lobby 其名词形式可以是lobbying(游说,院外活动),也可以是lobby。进行院外活动的人、进行疏通的人或说客,英文叫lobbyer或lobbyist。out to(d o…)“力图要……的”。 7. There are upsetting parallels today,as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. 【译文】科学家们一波接着一波,试图告诫我们要认清全球气候变暖正在带来日益严重的威胁,在此情形之下现在又出现了令人不安的类似事情。 【析句】 as在句中是连接词,引导一个从句,说明在什么背景之下又出现了类似的事情。在这样的结构中,as可以翻成“当(在)……时候”,或者适度对句子进行调整。不管怎样,应该清楚There are upsetting parallels today是主句,是全句的核心。

考研英语真题学习考研英语长难句300句 (36)

2000 Passage 2 5. The grand mediocrity of today — everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring — means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper middle class India compared to the tribes. 【译文】今天这种极其显著的平均化——每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同——意味着,与部落相比较,自然选择在印度中上阶层已经失去了80%的效力。 【析句】该句的主语是The grand mediocrity,谓语是means,其后跟着that引导的宾语从句,其中compared to the tribes是过去分词结构作状语,完整的说法是if/when it (the natural selection) is compared to the tribes。破折号中间的成分(everyone…of offspring)是插入语,其中survival和number of offspring都是介词in的宾语。【讲词】 mediocrity意为“平常,平庸”或指“平常的人,平庸的人”。其形容词是mediocre(平庸,平凡,普通)。When something is distinctly not as good as it could be, it is mediocre.(要是某个东西没有明显的好坏之处,那肯定是一个平庸的东西。)结合插入语(破折号里的词语),可以确定the grand mediocrity of today是指每个人的生存机会和后代的数量相同,因此这个词组可以译为“今天这种很普遍的平均化”。offspring有子女的意思,但在这里建议译成“后代”,因为显然难以确定只是指一代人。 6. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship,as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.” 【译文】达尔文有一句话描述那些对进化一无所知的人:他们“看待有机的生命如同野人看着一艘大船,以为是某个完全不能理解的东西”。

考研英语长难句经典例子解析

考研英语长难句经典例子解析 来源:文都图书 考研英语的长难句在广大考生心中一直是一个超级大难点,数不清的生词,看不明白的句型和混乱的时态都让考生脑袋大了不止一圈儿,所以今天这篇文章就和大家分享一下攻克长难句的技巧。以《考研英语长难句解密》中的一句超长的长难句为例。 【经典长难句】 The increase in numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of house work and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire. 【词汇突破】 have to do with…与…有关 Economic necessity 经济需求 pool of single women workers 单身女工的资源 high marriage rates 高结婚率 【参考译文】20世纪,在家庭外被雇佣的女性人数增加了,这与其说是由于家务活的机器化和闲暇时间的增加,还不如说是由于女性自身的经济需求和由于高结婚率。正是高结婚率减少了单身女工劳动力资源的数量,而在这之前很多情况下,她们是雇主们会雇佣的唯一女性。 像书中的解句顺序一样,攻克长难句首先应该拿下句中的生词和短语,这是基础,是盖房所需的砖瓦,然后再攻克句法,拿下房屋结构,这样再对照参考译文,以前觉得很难的长难句就“柳暗花明又一村”了。希望大家首先消除内心对长难句的恐惧心理,静下心来好好分析,好好学习,争取早日拿下长难句,拿下考研英语!加油!

考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析

考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN

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