两种化学型鱼腥草挥发油的紫外吸收光谱分析

两种化学型鱼腥草挥发油的紫外吸收光

谱分析

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作者：陈黎吴卫赵楠陈又铭，郑有良

【摘要】目的比较两种化学型鱼腥草挥发油的紫外吸收光谱的差异，分析其吸收光谱与化学型间的相关性。方法采用GC/MS和UVS法分析23份鱼腥草挥发油试样。结果鱼腥草挥发油在醋酸乙酯溶剂中的λmax主要在252 nm 和267 nm；23份试样的吸收曲线可分为5种类型，化学型与吸收曲线类型不尽一致；各供试样品在两波长下的吸光度差异显著；相关分析结果表明，挥发油成分中各主要萜类化合物含量与两个吸收峰的吸收值均呈正相关，且大多数达到极显著水平，而各主要不饱和烷烃类化合物含量与两个吸收峰的吸收值均呈显著或极显著的负相关。结论采用紫外光谱法可快速获得鱼腥草挥发油的得率和其中萜类化合物含量的大致情况。

【关键词】鱼腥草挥发油化学型紫外光谱

Abstract:Objective To compare the difference of the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of 2 chemotypes volatile oils of

Houttuynia, and to analyze the correlation between its absorption spectrum and chemotypes. MethodsGC/MS and UVS were adopted to analyze the 23 samples of volatile oils of Houttuynia.ResultsThrough analyzing the UV spectrum of the volatile oils of Houttuynia, it was found that the λmax of the volatile oils of Houttuynia were at 252 nm and 267 nm in acetic ether solvent. 23 samples could be divided into 5 types according to their absorbency values at the two wavelengths, which could not be coincident with the volatile oil chemotypes. The differences of the absorbency of these samples at 252 nm and 267 nm were remarkable. The ranges of absorbency values were 0.310 ～1.831 at 252 nm and 0.350 ～2.891 at 267 nm. The absorbency values of all samples could be divided into 3 kinds. All of the correlations between the contents of terpenes of EOs and the absorbencies of EOs at the two wavelengths were positive, and most of them reached 1% remarkable levlel, the highest correlations were 0.8680 and 0.8326 between the peak area of β-Phellandrene and the absorbency values of two wavelengths. But all the correlations between the contents of unsaturated alkane of EOs and the absorbencies were negative, and all of them reached 5% or 1% remarkable levlel, the highest correlations were -0.6575 and -0.5714 between the peak area of Dodecanal and the

absorbency values of two wavelengths. ConclusionUsing UV spectrum can quickly obtain the volatile oil yield and the general content of terpenes compounds.

Key words:Houttuynia; Volatile oil; Chemotype; Ultraviolet absorption spectrum

有机化合物通常具有紫外-可见光谱吸收，通过对其吸收曲线中最大吸收波长和吸收值的分析可获得化合物的结构和含量等信息。有研究表明，通过对挥发油的紫外-可见光谱进行分析可了解挥发油的大致组成成分种类［1］以及成分的含量，并可用于挥发油稳定性的考察［2］。由于挥发油组成成分复杂，对其具体成分的分析通常采用GC/MS法，但成本较高，耗时较长（多数时候需几十分钟）。采用紫外-可见吸收光谱法对挥发油进行分析虽然对具体成分种类和含量的测定存在困难，但在仅需获得挥发油大体情况时可有效地降低成本，缩短分析时间。

研究发现，不同鱼腥草居群间挥发油存在化学型分类，可分为月桂烯型（M型）和癸醛型（D型）［3］，但这种化学型的差异对挥发油的紫外-可见吸收光谱产生的影响还未有报道。因此，本研究对不同鱼腥草材料的挥发油进行紫外-可见光谱分析，比较材料间挥发油的紫外-可见吸收光谱的差异并划分吸收光谱类型，进一步分析吸收曲线类型与其化学型间的关系，以期找到一种能快速评价鱼腥草挥发油质量的方法。