翻译技巧汇总词类转译法 ppt课件

paintings.
• 他早期绘画的特点是色彩鲜明，笔法粗犷。 • They are already planning to staff the management in the
event that the joint venture is formed.
• 他们已经在打算合资企业一旦建成后的经理部门的人事安排 问题。
• The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.
• 她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她 那时的情绪。
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副词转译成名词
• 1)They have not done so well ideologically, however, as organizationally.
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由于英汉两种语言表达方式不同，还有一些 英语形容词可译为汉语副词
• A helicopter is free to go almost anywhere. • 直升飞机几乎可以自由地飞到任何地方。 • The same principles of low internal
resistance also apply to milliammeters. • 低内阻原理也同样适用于毫安表。
• It was officially announced that they agreed on a reply to the Soviet Union.
• 官方宣布，他们就给苏联的复信一事 取得了一致的意见。
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• The image must be dimensionally correct.
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• What kind of sailor are you? • 你晕不晕船？ （be a bad sailor 晕船；
be a good sailor 不晕船）
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• As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.
poverty. • 千百万山区人民终于摆脱了贫穷。 • He was away before dawn. • 他是黎明前出发的。
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• 注：英语中表示知觉、欲望等心理状态的 形容词，在系动词后作表语用时，往往可 转译成动词。如：confident, certain, careful, cautious, angry, sure, ignorant, afraid, doubtful, aware, concerned, glad, delighted, sorry, ashamed, thankful, anxious等。
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名词、动词转译成副词 • I have the honor to inform you that your
request is granted. • 我荣幸地通知您，您的请求已得到批准。 • Rapid evaporation at the heating-surface
tends to make the steam wet. • 加热面的迅速蒸发，往往使蒸汽的湿度变
• 3 He had never been a medical student, yet he was given one of those rare honorary degrees of Doctor of Science 他从来没有上过医学院，但他却获得了理学博士这样难得 的荣誉学位
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名词派生的动词转译成名词
大。
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副词转译成名词
• The device is shown schematically in Figure 5. • 图5所示为这种装置的简图。 • Electromagnetic waves travel as fast as light. • 电磁波传播的速度和光一样。
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Adverbs into nouns 副词转译成名词
on Saturday. • 我星期六还得上班，真讨厌。
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英语名词译成汉语动词时，修饰该名词的形容词往 往转译成汉语副词
• Below 4°C, water is in continuous expansion instead of continuous contraction.
• 水在4摄氏度以下就不断地膨胀，而不是不断地收 缩。
loved and protected the poor. • 罗宾汉和他的伙伴们痛恨阔人，热爱并保护穷人。 • 英语中有些形容词加上定冠词表示某一类的人，汉译
时常译成名词
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形容词派生的名词往往可以转译成形容词 • Diligence and intelligence are of
considerable importance to your success. • 勤奋和才智对于获得成功是颇为重要的。 • It‘s such a nuisance that I‘ve got to work
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课堂练习
• 1.He who is subject to temptations tends to err. 2 Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong doings. 3 He had never been a medical student, yet he was given one of those rare honorary degrees of Doctor of Science.
• 他的小孩画特别好。 • 他画小孩尤其擅长。 • 他画孩子画得特别好。
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• Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.
• 火箭已经发现为宇宙探索的应用。 • 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
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Nouns into adjectives 名词转译成形容词
词类转译法
• 从理论上来说，翻译中的词性转换是没有限制的，例如： 名词可以转换成动词、形容词、副词等，动词也可以转换 成名词、形容词、副词等，而形容词也可以转换成名词、 动词等，不一而足。不过，从实践来看，词性转换也有一 定的规律，最明显的是英语比较习惯多用名词和介词，而 汉语用动词多一些。因此，在英译汉时，词类的转换比较 多的表现在名词、介词变动词上。
caves, by dim lamps. • 党的干部每天长时间工作，吃的是粗茶淡饭，住的是冰冷
的窑洞，点的是黯淡的油灯。 • A force is needed to move an object against inertia. • 为使物体克服惯性而运动，就需要一个力。 • Millions of the people in the mountain areas are finally off
• 2)Tact must be used in requesting permission; and unless it is given willingly and cordially, the patrol shall not be landed.
•。 • 3)He is physically weak but mentally
• Only when we study their properties can we make better use of the materials.
• 只有研究这些材料的特性才能更好地利用它们。
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英语动词译成汉语名词时，修饰该动词的副 词往往转译成形容词
• Earthquakes are closely related to faulting. • 地震与地层断裂有密切的关系。 • It is demonstrated that gases are perfectly elastic. • 人们已经证实，气体具有理想的弹性。
• 他对这城市完全陌生，所以我希望你能给 他必要的帮助。
• She has beauty still, and, if it is not in its heyday, it is not yet in its autumn.
• 她依然很美，如果不是芳华正茂，也还不 到迟暮之年。
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介词、副词转译成动词 • Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold
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sound.
• 副词转译成名词 • 1)They have not done so well ideologically, however, as
organizationally.
• 但是，他们的思想工作没有他们的组织工作做得好。
• 2)Tact must be used in requesting permission; and unless it is given willingly and cordially, the patrol shall not be landed.
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形容词转译为名词
• He felt responsible for her death. • 他觉得她的死他有责任。 • Lack of trust is very destructive in a relationship. • 缺乏信任对人际关系的危害很大。 • They did their best to help the sick and the wounded. • 他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。 • Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and
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课堂练习参考译文：
• 1.He who is subject to temptations tends to err. 不能抗拒诱惑的人往往要犯错误。
• 2 Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong doings. 老人在同儿子谈话时宽恕了年轻人过去的种种劣迹。
• Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.
• His drawing of children is exceptionally good
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• His drawing of children is exceptionally good.
• 目标：忠实原文，符合汉语表达习惯，但不照搬原文表 达方式。
• 适用情况：1、直译不通顺；2、上下文需要
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• The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.
• 看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声， 我感到特别神往。
• 英语中很多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词 转用的动词，在汉语中往往不易找到相应的 动词，这时可将其转译成汉语名词。
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• In Greek mythology, love is personified by the goddess Aphrodite.
• 在希腊神话中，阿佛洛狄特女神是爱的化身。 • Bright colours and bold strokes characterize his early
• 图形的尺寸必须正确。
• The paper said editorially that McMillan has stolen the western leadership during Dulles’ absence.
• 这家报纸的社论说，麦克米兰公司在 杜勒斯卧病期间窃走了西方领导权。
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ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
名词转译成动词
• The remembrance of these will add zest to his life.
• ×对于这些事情的回想将会增添他生活的乐趣 • 回想起这些事情，使他的生活增添了乐趣。
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• 例句是将重点词汇名词转译成动词，这种 情况比比皆是。这主要是英汉两种语言的 各自特点所决定的，这也是两种语言的主 要差异之一，即“英语存在静态(static)趋 势，而汉语则表现出一种动态(dynamic)趋 势。”